Appearance before the Standing Committee on Indigenous and Northern Affairs (INAN) - CIR - Supplemental Estimates (A) 2026-2027 (June 11, 2026)

Logistics

Date: June 11, 2026

Time: 8:15 a.m. – 10:15 a.m.

Location: Room 415, Wellington Building, 197 Sparks Street

Appearing

Witnesses

Committee Membership

MP Terry Sheehan (LIB – ON) (Chair)
MP Jaime Battiste (LIB – NS)
MP Philip Earle (LIB – NFD)
MP Ginette Lavack (LIB – MB)
MP Brendan Hanley (LIB – YK)
MP Will Greaves (LIB – BC)
MP Lori Idlout (LIB – NU)

MP Jamie Schmale (CPC – ON) (Vice-Chair)
MP Eric Melillo (CPC – ON)
MP Billy Morin (CPC – AB)
MP Bob Zimmer (CPC – BC)

MP Marilène Gill (BQ – QC) (Vice-Chair)

Parliamentary Analysis

• MP Terry Sheehan (LIB) (Chair) was previously a Parliamentary Secretary for FedNor. He may ask questions about Indigenous entrepreneurship culture, participation in the forestry industry, regional economic development agencies, and economic reconciliation.
• MP Jaime Battiste (LIB), Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Crown-Indigenous Relations, has been a strong advocate for First Nations, Métis, and Inuit issues throughout his career. He may ask about funding for reconciliation measures, core services and programs for Indigenous communities, and investments in major projects. During the Budget 2025 meeting, he asked about funding for Jordan's Principle.
• MP Philip Earle (LIB) may ask questions about Arctic sovereignty and security, Indigenous consultation on major projects and the One Canadian Economy Act, and diesel power generation replacement in the North.
• MP Ginette Lavack (LIB) Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Indigenous Services, may ask questions that pertain to housing and infrastructure funding. During the Budget 2025 appearance, she asked questions about Indigenous feedback on the budget and the transfer of powers to territorial governments for national resource management and economic development.
• MP Brendan Hanley (LIB), Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Northern and Arctic Affairs, may ask questions about investments in the North, including for housing, infrastructure, health care, food insecurity, security and defence, critical mineral projects, and environmental and wildlife management organizations.
• MP Will Greaves (LIB) may ask questions about how the government is reconciling competing priorities, such as eliminating inequities, respecting Indigenous governance, and delivering programs efficiently, within current spending plans.
• MP Lori Idlout (LIB) may ask questions about sunsetting programs compared to providing stable, long-term funding, especially in areas of housing, food security, and health services.
• MP Jamie Schmale (CPC) (Vice-Chair) is the CPC Shadow Minister for Crown-Indigenous Relations. During the Budget 2025 meeting, he asked questions related to the issue of missing Indigenous art. He will likely highlight economic reconciliation in his questions and ask if Indigenous communities prefer funding for programs or direct funding. He has asked questions about employment numbers and increased funding for ISC/CIRNAC programs not yielding sufficient improvements.
• MP Eric Melillo (CPC) is the CPC Shadow Minister for Federal Economic Development Agency for Northern Ontario. He may ask questions about food insecurity, medical transportation in northern and remote communities, and infrastructure gaps in Indigenous communities. His questions will likely support an economic reconciliation approach. He may also ask questions about housing affordability or departmental funding's impact on program outcomes.
• MP Billy Morin (CPC) is the CPC Shadow Minister for Indigenous Services and he was formerly a Chief of the Enoch Cree Nation (2015 – 2022). He may ask questions about the government's legal approach to the Cowichan decision. He may tie questions to economic reconciliation or natural resource projects. He may also ask about affordability and increased costs of living. During the Budget 2025 appearance, he asked questions about specific claims negotiations, as well as addictions recovery and safety in communities.
• MP Bob Zimmer (CPC) is the CPC Shadow Minister for Arctic Affairs & Canadian Northern Economic Development Agency. During the Budget 2025 appearance, he asked questions about funding for the Giant Mine project.
• MP Marilène Gill (BQ) is the BQ critic for Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs. She may ask about funding for Nutrition North Canada and food insecurity in the North

Recent INAN studies, reports and government responses

• Affordability Challenges in Northern Canada;
• Collaborative Approaches to Enforcement of Laws in Indigenous Communities;
• Bill S-228, An Act to amend the Criminal Code (sterilization procedures);
• Bill S-2, an Act to amend the Indian Act (new registration entitlements);
• Bill C-10, An Act respecting the Commissioner for Modern Treaty Implementation;
• Issues Related to Indian Act Registration;
• Subject Matter of Clause 572 (Division 35) of Bill C-15;
• Issues Related to Federally Recognized Indigenous Communities that Do Not Have a Land Base, Reserve or Modern Treaty;
• 2025 Reports of the Auditor General of Canada: Follow-up on Programs for First Nations;
• Indigenous Policing and Public Safety Study;
• Barriers to Indigenous Economic Development Study;
• Report 1: First Nations, Inuit and Métis Identity and Participation in Federal Procurement (presented to the House: October 23, 2025)

Recent Correspondence

MP Hanley (MIN-A30541) Naloxone Kit Provision and Non-Insured Health Benefits
MP Hanley (MIN-A32824) Modern Treaty implementation, and prioritize re-introducing C-77 from the 44th Parliament
MP Melillo (MIN-A32077) Support for Koocheching's Recognition as a First Nations Band under the Indian Act
MP Melillo (MIN-A28370) Tragic fire in Cat Lake First Nation that destroyed their nursing station
MP Zimmer (MIN-A32101) Background RCMP files
MP Zimmer (MIN-A28018) Transfer of parcels on the Summit Lake watershed.
MP Zimmer (MIN-A28948) Constituent Chris Johnston's request for assistance in searching for historical Indigenous records of his family history
MP Zimmer (MIN-A29324) Request for funding through Jordan's Principle for education costs
MP Hanley (U41605) Modern Treaty implementation, and prioritize re-introducing C-77 from the 44th Parliament
MP Zimmer (U38540) Assistance with searching for historical Indigenous records
MP Idlout (MIN-A33098) Funding cuts for The National Association of Friendship Centres, Friendship Centres, and Provincial/Territorial Associations
MP Idlout, MP Gazan (MIN-A33459) Need for Permanent, Sustainable Funding for the Indian Residential School Resolution Health Support Program
MP Idlout (MIN-A33589) Urgent action is required: First Nation Children when not given support they are more likely to grow up in foster care, experience homelessness, addiction, and Involvement with the Justice System
MP Idlout (MIN-A31176) Uncertainty about Inuit Child Frist Initiative
MP Idlout (MIN-A31351) Nunavut Non-Insured Health Benefits funding
MP Idlout (MIN-A29231) Bare Trust T3 filings and the negative impact on British Columbia First Nations and Canadians in Bill C-32
MP Idlout (MIN-A30284) Contaminated Transport Canada Dock polluting Indigenous waters and endangering health
MP Idlout (MIN-A28502) Auditor General's report regarding housing in First Nation communities
MP Idlout (MIN-A29798) Elder Care Facility in the Wiikwemkoong Unceded Territory

In the Media

Main estimates set out $502.8-billion for 2026-27 as National Defence tops voted spending - The Hill Times

Feds mum on wilting conservation program funding as nature spending dips 62 per cent - The Hill Times

ISC data shows Jordan's Principle will face a $90M funding gap

Yukon First Nation groups say new federal cash for Jordan's Principle meaningless without broader changes | CBC News

After 5 years of no clean drinking water, Oneida pipeline project approved | CBC News

Southern Chiefs' Organization call on federal government to commit to multi-year funding for mental health | CBC News

Meeting Proceedings

The meeting is scheduled for June 11, 2026 from 8:15 a.m. – 10:15 a.m.

The Chair will call the meeting to order and provide instructions for the meeting proceedings. They will then introduce the witnesses and invite them to deliver opening remarks (limit of 5 minutes). Following the opening remarks, there will be rounds of questions from Committee.

Witnesses should speak clearly into the microphones, which will be automatically turned on and off as they speak. There is no need to operate them manually. It is recommended that witnesses speak at a moderate pace and at an appropriate volume to ensure they are heard by the interpreters.  To protect interpreters from injury, when earpieces are not in use by witnesses, they should be placed on the designated white circles installed on the table, away from the microphones.

At the end of the hour, the Chair will briefly suspend the meeting to allow Panel 1 witnesses to depart and the Panel 2 witnesses to come to the table. Officials should exit promptly so as not to delay the second hour of proceedings. MPs may approach officials during the transition to thank them for appearing. Should MPs have additional questions or requests, officials should politely redirect that request to the Clerk of the Committee, who will then officially liaise with the Department. Officials should avoid making commitments or providing information to MPs outside of official committee appearance.

The meeting can be watched via ParlVU, however there may be an up to 70-second delay with the webcast.

Other Information for Appearing In-Person

Witnesses should arrive early to allow time for security screening. Screening could take 30 minutes or more for those without a Hill pass.

Key Messages

• The 2026-27 Main Estimates for Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada (CIRNAC) is approximately $11.9 billion.
• Of this amount, $7.7 billion is for Grants and Contributions, and $3.7 billion is for Settlement Agreements.
• This funding will help CIRNAC to continue on the path to renewing the relationship with Indigenous peoples; to further its work to modernize institutional structures and governance to support self-determination; to progress on righting wrongs from the past, towards Indigenous reconciliation; and finally, to advance its work to protect the environment and ensure prosperity, sustainability and health in the North.

Background

In comparison to the 2025-26 Main Estimates of $13.1 billion, CIRNAC's total Main Estimates for 2026-27 have a net decrease of $1.2 billion. This decrease is primarily attributable to a lower level of funding the department received for the settlement of claims and litigation. Specifically, reductions are related to:

• Land-related claims (-$563.8 million);
• Federal Indian Boarding Homes (Percival) litigation (-$384 million); and
• Agricultural Benefits Claims (-$230.5 million).

Current Status

2026-27 Main Estimates for Crown-Indigenous Relations:

• The Main Estimates contain approximately $10.5 billion for programs under the portfolio of the Minister of Crown–Indigenous Relations.
• A priority under this portfolio is the settlement of First Nations' historic grievances, such as those under the Specific Claims process, which provide compensation to First Nations and discharge Canada's historic outstanding legal obligations.
• Funding will also be used to continue to address Section 35 rights, as well as the Federal Indian Day School and Federal Indian Hospitals settlements.

Key Messages

• The 2026-27 Supplementary Estimates (A) includes key initiatives and new funding totaling $3,107.6 million.
• Of these total Supplementary Estimates amounts, $3,077.6 million (99%) is for Crown-Indigenous Relations.
• These funds are important to ensure we can continue the concrete work to renew the relationships between Canada and First Nations, Inuit, and Métis and to support their visions of self-determination.

Current Status

• The 2026-27 Supplementary Estimates (A) for all departments was tabled in the House of Commons by the President of the Treasury Board in May 2026. It is expected that the Supply will be released in June 2026.

Background

• Supplementary Estimates (A) will increase the department's 2026-27 total authorities to approximately $15.0 billion.
• These Supplementary Estimates include key initiatives and new funding totaling $3,107.6 million, including
  • $2,761.2 million in funding for new initiatives; and
  • $346.4 million in reprofiled funding.
• For Crown-Indigenous Relations, the total estimates amount of $3,077.6 million is comprised of:
  • $2,731.1 million in Vote 10 Grants and contributions, including:
    • $2,726.2 million of new funding in Grants (Vote 10) to continue the implementation of the Expedited Resolution Strategy for First Nation Agricultural Benefits Claims in Treaties 4, 5, 6, and 10 for all claims previously submitted under the Strategy; and,
    • $4.0 million of new funding in Contributions (Vote 10) for the First Nations to research and develop their specific claims. This funding will support First Nations in researching, developing, and submitting historical grievances that qualify as specific claims under Canada's Specific Claims Policy and processes.
  • $346.5 million in Vote 1 Operating, including:
    • $290.5 million in reprofiled funding for the exercise of Crown discretion regarding past compensation to Whitesand First Nations. This funding will pay compensation to the remaining 6 Robinson Superior Treaty First Nations for past losses resulting from the Crown's failure to augment historic treaty annuities; and
    • $55.9 million for the Ile-a-la-Crosse (Gardiner and Chartier) settlement agreement. This reprofiled funding is to support the settlement of the Île-à-la-Crosse (Gardiner and Chartier) litigation, covering the settlement amount and related legal costs.

Key Messages

• The 2025-26 Supplementary Estimates (C) includes key initiatives and new funding totaling $138.8 million.
• Of these total Supplementary Estimates amounts, $109.4 million (79%) is for Crown-Indigenous Relations.
• These funds are important to ensure we can continue the concrete work to renew the relationships between Canada and First Nations, Inuit, and Métis and to support their visions of self-determination.

Current Status

• The 2025-26 Supplementary Estimates (C) for all departments was tabled in the House of Commons by the President of the Treasury Board in February 2026. It is expected that the Supply will be released by the end of March 2026.

Background

• Supplementary Estimates (C) will increase the department's 2025-26 total authorities to approximately $14.6 billion.
• These Supplementary Estimates include key initiatives and new funding totaling $138.8 million, including:
  • $109.1 million in funding for new initiatives; and
  • $29.7 million in funding for transfers with other departments.
• For Crown-Indigenous Relations, the total Estimates amount of $109.4 million is comprised of:
  • $92.3 million in Vote 10 Grants and contributions, including:
    • $36 million in Grants new funding (Vote 10) for the Tŝilhqot'in Gwets'en Nilt'i Pathway Agreement renewal. This is a one-time payment funding to the Tŝilhqot'in Nation to advance work on arrangements and agreements the Gwets'en Nilt'i Pathway Agreement that came into effect on April 1, 2024.
    • $25.9 million in Grants funding (Vote 10) for the British Columbia treaty tables. This new funding will provide to up to nine First Nations in British Columbia following the ratification of the respective comprehensive treaties by the First Nation communities. These payments would be an advance on capital transfers; and
    • $20.8 million in Grants funding (Vote 10). This transfer from the Department of Natural Resources will allow CIR to administer additional funding for Modern Treaty and Self-Governing First Nations and Inuit to address their residential energy efficiency needs and generate energy efficiency benefits.
  • $17.1 million in Vote 1 Operating, including:
    • $15.0 million The Department of Finance Canada granted Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada access to the Fiscal Framework as a funding source to support out-of-court settlements; and
    • $1.9 million for the Settlement of a Special Claim. This funding is to support an out-of-court settlement, covering the settlement amount and related legal costs.

Key Messages

• This government has reaffirmed that Crown-Indigenous Relations has an essential mandate to renew nation-to-nation, Inuit-Crown and, government-to-government relationships between Canada and First Nations, Inuit and Métis.
• We are committed to sound financial management and long-term sustainability, and will implement spending reductions thoughtfully to align resources with core programs while continuing to modernize Government of Canada structures to support the self-determined priorities of Indigenous Peoples.

Current Status

• Of the $69.3 million in proposed savings submitted by CIRNAC, $62.7 million was approved in May 2026.
• CIRNAC will develop alternative measures to replace the $6.6 million that was not approved. These new proposals must be submitted by July 17, 2026, and if approved, will only take effect in 2027-28.
• The $6.6M in savings that were not approved related to the Flood Mapping and Water Resilience and advancing the Truth and Reconciliation Call to Action 66 where the Government opted to renew sunsetting funds.
• The CER approved proposals are currently being implemented in a manner that minimizes any negative impacts on Indigenous partners and communities. In all areas of savings, a modest proportionate reduction of funds have been reduced enabling the Department to continue with the programs.

Background

• Total reductions for CIRNAC represent 2% of an adjusted base calculated using the 2025-26 Main Estimates.
• The department needed to achieve ongoing savings of $69.3M, starting in the 2026-27 fiscal year.

Key Messages

• The Government of Canada remains committed to addressing the priorities of Indigenous and northern communities by ensuring the continuity of essential programs, particularly those that expired in 2025-26.
• Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada (CIRNAC)  submitted targeted funding requests to extend critical programs, ensuring uninterrupted services, responding to the urgent needs of communities, and upholding our commitment to reconciliation.
• CIRNAC relies heavily on temporary funding with nearly 80% of the department's 2026-27 Main Estimates being temporary in nature with over 50% set to sunset in 2028-29.

Current Status

• Decisions have been reached for all 10 CIR sunsetter requests, representing progress in supporting strategic objectives centered on the needs of Indigenous communities.
• Since decisions were delivered to the department in a staggered manner, only one CIR sunsetter is included in the Main Estimates. The remaining sunsetters will be received through future Supplementary Estimate exercises.

Background

• Sunsetting programs require a decision on their extension or consideration of alternatives. This process is part of the government's strategic budgeting approach to align resources with federal priorities.
• The importance of these programs aligns with the government's commitments to prioritize:
  • Addressing the immediate needs of Indigenous and northern communities.
  • Reducing socio-economic gaps between Indigenous Peoples and other Canadians.
  • Building sustainable and respectful partnerships with First Nations, Inuit, and Métis.
• Below is an overview of the approved sunsetters:
  1. Treaty 8 Annuities Negotiations Support Funding – Funding will be provided in 2026-27 : This funding will allow negotiations to continue with Treaty 8 First Nations enabling settlements to occur, and demonstrate viability of negotiated resolutions while broader annuities risk management approaches are under development.
  2. Specific Claims Research Funding Renewal – Funding will be provided in 2026-27 : To support First Nations to research and develop their specific claims for an additional two years.
  3. First Nation Land Governance Registry – Funding will be provided in 2026-27 : To co-develop a First Nation Land Governance Registry with the Lands Advisory Board. This new registry is to be First Nation-led and independent of Canada, and will be the exclusive land registration system for First Nations operating under the Framework Agreement on First Nation Land Management.
  4. Advancing Calls to Action 72 to 76 and 78 in Support of Missing Children and Unmarked Burials – Funding will be provided over two years, starting in 2026-27 : Calls to Action 72-76 include a range of initiatives grounded in Indigenous protocols and principles to address the legacy of children who died while attending residential schools. CTA 78 addresses required support for the National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation.
  5. Supporting Indigenous Youth by Advancing the Truth and Reconciliation Commission's Call to Action 66 – Funding will be provided in 2026-27 : The pilot project to support Indigenous Youth Roots to continue to deliver culturally-relevant programming and community-based events for Indigenous youth, while Indigenous Youth Roots and CIRNAC engage with Indigenous organizations to develop longer-term response options to the TRC Call to Action 66.
  6. Renewing funding for the National Family and Survivors Circle – Funding will be provided over three years, starting in 2026-27 : For the National Family and Survivors Circle (NFSC), which has played a key role in the implementation of the Final Report of the National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls (MMIWG) and the Calls for Justice.
  7. Canada's Rights-Based Approach: Reforms for the Sustainable Advancement of Section 35 Negotiations – Funding will be provided in 2026-27 : to continue Section 35 rights based negotiations and implement related agreements pursuant to the Recognition of Indigenous Rights and Self-Determination (RIRSD) process.
  8. Interim Fiscal Financing for 4 Métis Goverments – Funding will be provided over three years, starting in 2026-27 : to extend of the core-governance-related funding and associated internal resources that support the Interim Fiscal Financing Agreements between Canada and Otipemisiwak Métis Government (formerly, Métis Nation of Alberta), Manitoba Métis Federation, Métis Nation-Saskatchewan and Métis Nation of Ontario.

Key Messages

• As per its essential mandate, CIRNAC's 2026-27 Departmental Plan sets out an ambitious agenda towards renewing nation-to-nation, Inuit-Crown and, government-to-government relationships between Canada and First Nations, Inuit, Métis and Modern Treaty and Self-Governing partners.
• Core efforts focus on affirming and respecting Indigenous rights, supporting self‑government and treaty implementation, advancing the resolution of historical wrongs, and strengthening consultation and partnership‑based decision‑making across the federal system.
• The plan also acknowledges the government‑wide Comprehensive Expenditure Review and highlights ongoing efforts to restrain growth in operating spending.
• Throughout 2026-27, the department will thoughtfully implement the commitments, as set out in this plan and aligned with government priorities, in support of Indigenous Peoples' self-determined goals as they take back decision-making over their lands and governance.

Current Status

• CIRNAC's 2026-27 Departmental Plan was submitted to the Treasury Board Secretariat on February 26, 2026, and tabled in parliament on March 13, 2026.
• The department will pursue implementation of its planned commitments this fiscal year and report back on progress through the 2026-27 Departmental Results Report.

Background

• Tabled each year on or before March 31st, the Departmental Plan forms Part roman numeral 3III of the Estimates family of documents. It is an expenditure plan for each appropriated department and agency (excluding Crown corporations), which describes departmental priorities, programs, expected results, and associated resource requirements, to inform parliamentarians and Canadians.

Key Data Points

• In 2024-25, there were 42,973 visits to the Aboriginal and Treaty Rights Information System (ATRIS) application, with 45,335 visits in 2025-26. Departments use the Aboriginal and Treaty Rights Information System to support their consultation work related to major projects and projects of national interest. The system is also used by industry associations, proponents, etc. given it is public facing.
• Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada (CIRNAC) provides a single window for the coordination of strategic advice and guidance and have supported federal officials on Section 35 consultation in over 50% of major projects under the Impact Assessment Act and over 75% of major projects undergoing Northern environmental assessments in the last year.

Key Messages

• CIRNAC plays a key role in supporting federal departments in meeting their duty to consult obligations, including for projects of national interest under the Building Canada Act.
• Following a national engagement process with First Nations, Inuit and Métis peoples, federal departments and agencies and industry associations, we will publish new consultation and accommodation guidelines in the summer, to better support federal officials in consulting effectively and respectfully for federal activities potentially impacting Section 35 rights.
• The Aboriginal and Treaty Rights Information System (ATRIS) supports the early identification of potentially impacted Indigenous groups based on their potential or Section 35 rights (Constitution Act, 1982). To support these assessments, CIRNAC is taking steps to distinguish groups in the system whose Section 35 rights are currently not established.

Current Status

• CIRNAC continues to provide advice and support to the Major Projects Office in its ongoing work implementing the Building Canada Act.
• CIRNAC assists the Major Projects Office with the early identification of potentially impacted Indigenous communities and their rights and interests as projects of national interest are identified.
• To enable meaningful Indigenous participation in consultation processes, CIRNAC is working to ensure capacity supports are available, particularly in areas where projects have been identified as a project of national interest.
• CIRNAC has been engaging with Indigenous Peoples across Canada on the renewal of the federal consultation and accommodation guidelines. The guidelines outline the overarching whole-of-government approach for Canada to meet its consultation and accommodation obligations where section 35 rights may be impacted as a result of a government decision.

Background

• The Building Canada Act allows the Government of Canada to designate a major project in the national interest, based on consultation with provinces, territories, and Indigenous Peoples. The government is committed to respecting its duty to consult pursuant to section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982, by consulting with Indigenous rights-holders before a project moves forward for consideration by Governor in Council. These consultations will occur with the aim of securing the free, prior, and informed consent of Indigenous rights-holders.
• The Major Projects Office provides a single point of contact, and leadership, on major projects. This includes partnering with federal departments, provinces, territories, Indigenous Peoples and private-sector participants.
• CIRNAC supports this work by providing expertise to federal departments on the legal duty to consult and accommodate, as well as key information regarding Canada's relationship with Indigenous partners during impact and environmental assessment and regulatory decision-making throughout Canada. Through advice, guidance, and training, CIRNAC supports designated major projects under the Impact Assessment Act, as well as major projects undergoing Northern environmental assessments.
• CIRNAC is updating the federal guidelines for federal officials to fulfil the Crown's duty to consult Indigenous Peoples and accommodate impacts on their rights which will be published in Summer 2026.
• CIRNAC provides training to federal officials to help them fulfill the legal duty to consult.

Key Data Points

• Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada (CIRNAC) has co-developed 13 consultation protocols and eight resource centres are in place.
• Collectively, these mechanisms provide consultation capacity support to more than 400 Indigenous governments, communities and organizations in Canada.

Key Messages

• Budget 2025 provided $10.1 million over three years, beginning in 2025-26, for the Federal Initiative on Consultation to support the meaningful participation of Indigenous rightsholders in consultation processes, including those required to advance projects of national interest listed under the Building Canada Act, through the use of Indigenous-led consultation resource centres and protocols.
• Consultation protocols and resource centres serve to foster meaningful dialogue, trust, and reconciliation by moving beyond simple information sharing toward collaborative decision-making that reflects community needs.

Current Status

• The Federal Initiative on Consultation continues to support the efficient discharge of the Crown's duty to consult through self-determined and pre-established processes rather than on a case-by-case basis, as well as the provision of resources and tools to ensure Indigenous groups have the capacity to meaningfully participate and respond to consultation requests.

Background

• CIRNAC leads the co-development of consultation protocols and resource centres with Indigenous partners through the Federal Initiative on Consultation. A consultation protocol creates a process for federal departments to follow when consulting, while a consultation resource centre is a team within an existing organization that supports capacity building for Indigenous communities to respond to consultation requests.
• These consultation tools support Indigenous participation in resource and infrastructure projects, resulting in benefits and efficiencies for all involved, mainly by clarifying roles and responsibilities; promoting relationship-building with proponents; facilitating consistent, timely, and organized Indigenous responses to consultation requests; promoting the coordination of research on federal and provincial activity, informing cumulative effects considerations; and, consolidating consultations and aggregation of Indigenous groups, resulting in reduced requests and efficiency in process.

Key Data Points

• There are currently 385 First Nations scheduled to the First Nations Fiscal Management Act.
• The First Nations Finance Authority has provided close to $4 billion in financing to 104 First Nations for infrastructure and economic development, including supporting First Nations equity stakes in Clearwater Seafoods and Cedar LNG.

Key Messages

• The Government of Canada continues to support Indigenous communities by developing new tools and enhancements to the First Nations Fiscal Management Act to enable their economic prosperity within a strong Canadian economy.
• The legislative vehicle to advance these enhancements to the First Nations Fiscal Management Act has yet to be determined.

Current Status

• Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada is co-developing proposed amendments to the First Nations Fiscal Management Act to enable Indigenous-owned Special Purpose Vehicles to become borrowing members and borrow from the First Nations Finance Authority.

Background

• Crown Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada is co-developing proposed amendments to the First Nations Fiscal Management Act to enable Indigenous owned corporations or limited partnerships, known as Special Purpose Vehicles, to access financing from the First Nations Finance Authority.
• These amendments will support bands and other Indigenous groups to come together to finance their participation in major resource projects, supporting their economic prosperity and building a stronger Canadian economy.
• The proposed amendments to the Act would specifically allow a Special Purpose Vehicle to participate in the Act, apply to become a borrowing member of the First Nations Finance Authority and apply for a loan if they have secured a loan guarantee from the Federal or a provincial government.
• In order to be qualified for a loan, the Special Purpose Vehicles must be wholly owned by one or more Indian Act Bands or Indigenous groups party to a Modern Treaty, Self-Government or Land Claim Agreement or entities established under such treaty or agreement.
• The Special Purpose Vehicle would not have to undertake financial certification under the Act. They would not be eligible to be elected to the Board of the First Nations Finance Authority and would not be subject to intervention by the First Nations Financial Management Board.

Key Data Points

• Budget 2021 allocated $10.77 million over four years to CIRNAC to redesign the Additions to Reserve (ATR) Policy in collaboration with First Nations, and $32 million over four years to Indigenous Services Canada (ISC) to accelerate the assessment of ATR proposals. Funding to continue policy work and support ISC operations was renewed for 2025–26 with $3.38 million to CIRNAC and $10.5 million to ISC. For 2026-27, $10.5 million was further renewed for ISC operations and CIRNAC is using internal resources to complete its policy work.
• Since 2021, investments have supported:
  • A total of 320 First Nation-led and Canada-led engagement activities, generating over 1,300 recommendations on how best to redesign the ATR Policy;
  • These discussions involved 45 First Nations, 37 national First Nation organizations, 43 regional First Nation organizations, 9 provinces, and 7 federal departments and internal partners
  • Nine interim changes to the ATR Policy to streamline its process while work continued on the comprehensive redesign of the ATR Policy;
  • Capacity funding for Indigenous organizations providing ATR support to First Nations and technical support for 100 First Nations in different stages of the ATR process;
  • The identification of the steps needed to pilot the transfer of some aspects of the ATR service delivery from ISC to a First Nation-led organization; and
  • Completion of 217 ATR proposals since 2022.
• ISC currently has an inventory of 878 active ATRs which, once approved, would add 0.6 million acres of land to reserve for Canada's First Nations.
• Across Canada, 189 urban reserves now exist, developed through service agreements that strengthen cooperation among First Nations, municipalities, provinces, and territories.
• A 2014 study by the First Nations Tax Commission where they found that six selected urban ATRs created 3,060 on-reserve jobs, 4,328 off-reserve jobs, approximately 600 seasonal positions, and over $1 billion in economic benefits, along with significant fiscal gains for First Nations and local governments.

ATR Success Stories

• Ch'íyáqtel (Tzeachten) First Nation completed an ATR in just 10 months by working collaboratively with Canada through a pilot that streamlined requirements, removed barriers, and leveraged strong internal capacity—dramatically faster than the 7.5‑year average.
• In Winnipeg, the Naawi‑Oodena development on the former Kapyong Barracks site is becoming a major mixed‑use urban reserve supporting housing, businesses, cultural uses, and Indigenous economic growth.
• Near Calgary, the Tsuut'ina Nation's Taza development spans 1,200 acres of urban reserve land, attracting major employers—including Canada's first Costco on First Nation land—and driving regional economic activity.
• Since 2022, Membertou First Nation has completed seven addition to reserve proposals, supporting economic development, housing, and cultural priorities. The largest of these proposals, the Mullins Property, was completed in just 13 months from the time the proposal was initiated.
• Last month, the Wasoqopa'q First Nation's addition to reserve proposal for the John Cook Property was approved, adding over 2,912 acres - one of the largest addition in the Atlantic Region. This priority file, which had been on the regional inventory for a long time, advanced significantly in recent years through strong collaboration between the First Nation and the region.
• In March 2026, the Wasoqopa'q First Nation also received approval for the Medway River proposal, which took 18 months to complete.

Key Messages

• Additions to Reserve for First Nations supports economic prosperity by returning lands to First Nations that they can use for infrastructure and economic development investments and initiatives.
• The Additions to Reserve Policy has long been criticized as outdated, rigid, and paternalistic. It does not reflect a government-to-government relationship with First Nations.
• The current step-by-step approach creates multi-year delays.
• Streamlining the ATR process requires shifting from a slow risk-averse approach to a system that empowers First Nations to get land back quickly and ensures departmental accountability.

Current Status

• CIRNAC is completing a draft of the redesigned ATR Policy and accompanying directives. It will be shared with First Nation partners nationwide to validate how their input has been incorporated and to gather final feedback before moving to approval and implementation
• Canada and First Nations partners are considering other initiatives to accelerate the return of land to First Nations like launching pilot projects with First Nations to explore new methods to support land expansion.
• Canada, in collaboration with the Land Advisory Board (LAB) and the National Aboriginal Lands Managers Association (NALMA), will, respectively, identify the steps required to pilot the transfer of ATR functions from Canada, and to assist First Nations in navigating the ATR process.

Key Data Points

• Budget 2025 outlines plans to support housing development through Build Canada Homes, which includes partnering with the Nunavut Housing Corporation to build up to 750 public, affordable and supportive housing units, and the Yukon Housing Corporation to build up to 500 units.
• The Budget confirmed the previously announced $2.8 billion for urban, rural, and northern Indigenous housing and committed to working with First Nations, Inuit, and Métis partners to develop an Indigenous Housing Strategy.
• The Government will also increase the Canada Infrastructure Bank's target for investments in Indigenous infrastructure that benefit First Nations, Inuit and Métis communities from at least $1 billion to at least $3 billion.
• Canada has provided Indigenous partners with approximately $5.1 billion between 2016-2024 to support housing and infrastructure needs. With these funds:
  • Inuit have constructed 640 new housing units and repaired 580 existing units; constructed and improved community infrastructure such as sportsplexes, carpentry and repair shops, and multi-purpose and youth centres.
  • Métis governments have helped with the construction or purchase of 2,025 houses; provided downpayment assistance to 2,809 households; renovated 7,918 houses; and provided rent supplements to 12,049 families. They have further addressed infrastructure needs in areas such as domestic shelters, childcare centres, senior complexes.
  • Modern Treaty Self Governing First Nations have constructed 710 new housing units, and repaired 620 units. For example, Uchucklesaht Tribe Government, a Modern Treaty First Nation, was able to rebuild their traditional village of Ethlateese and replace all previously condemned housing with 14 new homes and supportive infrastructure.

Key Messages

• Canada is working together with First Nations, Inuit, Métis, MTSG First Nations, Indigenous northern partners and territorial governments to support self-determined approaches to increase and improve housing and community infrastructure, which can lead to the creation of jobs and builds healthier, safer and more prosperous communities in the long-term.
• Indigenous partners are building new homes to reduce overcrowding and homelessness, repairing existing stock, augmenting housing supports and programming, and building and improving community infrastructure based on community driven priorities.
• In addition to the delivery of direct funding, support for housing and infrastructure in Indigenous and northern communities is also available through national programs and through provincial and territorial programs and initiatives.
• Build Canada Homes will complement direct funding delivery by CIRNAC to accelerate progress to close housing gaps as demonstrated by the January 30, 2026, Agreement‑in‑Principle with the Government of Nunavut and Nunavut Tunngavik Incorporated, including up to $250 million in federal investment and $230 million from the Government of Nunavut to deliver up to 750 public, affordable, and supportive homes in Nunavut.
• On May 21, 2026, Canada and the Yukon Housing Corporation announced a $193 million Build Canada Homes partnership to support construction of up to 500 homes, alongside a separate agreement for up to $157 million over 10 years under the Provincial/Territorial Stream of the Build Communities Strong Fund for housing, health, and education infrastructure.
• Through the Major Projects Office, the Canada intends to accelerate transformative infrastructure projects for Canada to enhance growth, security, diversification of markets and reconciliation.
• The Indigenous Housing Strategy is anticipated to complement existing strategies and joint work with partners to help drive effective and innovative solutions to further address housing needs.

Current Status

• Delivery of direct, distinctions-based funding by CIRNAC to Indigenous partners for housing and infrastructure continues through a number of initiatives (with funding identified up to 2030-31).
• Projects underway range from new home construction and major repairs to energy retrofits and land development, reflecting locally determined priorities and self-determined approaches.
• Implementation of the co-developed Inuit Nunangat Housing Strategy, that guides joint housing work with Inuit partners, continues through the Inuit-Crown Partnership Committee.
• Exploratory discussions are underway with MTSG First Nations through the Collaborative Fiscal Policy Development Process to support public housing expenditure needs through their fiscal arrangements.
• CIRNAC continues to collaborate closely with federal partners to support the establishment of Build Canada Homes, launched in September 2025, to identify opportunities for Indigenous communities to benefit from the agency's investments.
• CIRNAC is working with Build Canada Homes to ensure its non-market housing programming —focused on using public lands and innovative construction methods—are designed and delivered in ways that complement and strengthen existing housing funding for Indigenous and northern communities.
• Formal engagement with Indigenous partners on the Indigenous Housing Strategy is anticipated to begin in April 2026.

Background

• Indigenous People continue to face among the worst housing and infrastructure outcomes of any population in Canada due in part to historical underfunding, higher costs, and logistical and climate conditions.
• Infrastructure deficits such as inadequate transportation, connectivity, energy, and water and wastewater infrastructure continue to limit development, significantly impact the cost of living, and generally contribute to poor socio-economic and health outcomes.
• Indigenous and northern communities face persistent housing and infrastructure challenges and an extreme cost of living that are deeply influenced by supply chain and transportation constraints. Many of these communities are accessible only by air or seasonal roads, which significantly limit the movement of goods, services and people, including skilled labour.
• Geographic isolation, harsh climates and inadequate infrastructure significantly drive up transportation costs and lengthen project delivery timelines in already short construction seasons. Compounding this is the limited local availability of resources and skilled labour.
• Distinctions-based housing and infrastructure funding supports Indigenous self-determination built on the principle of "for Indigenous, by Indigenous". Recent federal investments include:
  • 2021 - investments to support critical infrastructure through the $4.3 billion Indigenous Community Infrastructure Fund. Funding for this four year program sunset on March 31, 2025.
  • 2022 - $1.6 billion over seven years for housing. This funding is helping Indigenous partners to further address the critical needs in their communities to improve housing adequacy and affordability.
  • 2024 - $918 million for Indigenous Housing and Community Infrastructure to accelerate work to narrow gaps in First Nations, Inuit and Métis communities
• $4 billion was invested over seven years (2024-25 to 2030-31) to support an Urban, Rural, and Northern (URN) Indigenous Housing Strategy. Currently, ISC and CIRNAC are responsible for the distribution of 30% of this funding (approximately $1.18 billion) to distinctions-based partners.
• On 24 April 2026, Canada announced additional funding to support housing for Indigenous Peoples living in urban, rural and northern areas across Canada, including an additional $780 million top-up in new funding for distinction-based agreements. Subject to approval of Treasury Board, CIRNAC will distribute funding to Inuit, Métis partners, modern treaty and self-governing First Nations, and northern Indigenous partners.
• The Government of Canada also delivered $200 million to territorial governments to help address housing and infrastructure needs and ensure that Indigenous and non-Indigenous northerners have access to safe, sustainable and affordable housing.

Key Data Points

• On February 20, 2026, Canada signed three agreements with Musqueam Indian Band (Musqueam): Musqueam - A Rights Recognition Agreement; Musqueam Stewardship and Marine Management Agreement; and Musqueam Fisheries Agreement.
• The Rights Recognition Agreement generally recognizes that Musqueam has Aboriginal rights, including title, within their traditional territory and establishes a framework for future discussions and the negotiation of other agreements that will incrementally implement Musqueam's rights.
• These current agreements will strengthen Musqueam's roles in stewardship and marine emergency management, support collaborative management of Musqueam fisheries, and enhance Musqueam's capacity in these areas.

Key Messages

• These agreements support the recognition and incremental implementation of Musqueam's section 35 rights within their territory.
• The Musqueam - A Rights Recognition Agreement generally recognizes that Musqueam holds Aboriginal rights, including title, within their traditional territory, as recognized and affirmed by section 35 of the Constitution. It also establishes a framework for future discussions and negotiations that will support incremental implementation of Musqueam's rights.
• The agreement does not recognize specific rights within the territory, or title to any specific lands. It does not impact private, fee simple land interests, which remain under the purview of the Province of British Columbia.
• The Musqueam Stewardship and Marine Management Agreement establishes bilateral working groups so that Musqueam knowledge and stewardship practices will guide and inform the management and stewardship of lands and waters within Musqueam territory.
• The Musqueam Fisheries Agreement supports the collaborative management of Musqueam fisheries, including the establishment of a bilateral working group, as well as funding to support the implementation of Musqueam fisheries, including access, vessels and gear.  
• These agreements represent a major step forward towards reconciliation and incremental implementation of Musqueam's Aboriginal rights as affirmed under Section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982.
• Canada's view is that entering into these agreements did not adversely impact the section 35 rights of other First Nations.
• In the spirit of transparency and respectful nation-to-nation relationships, Canada advised 30 neighbouring First Nations before the agreements were signed.
• If through work carried out under these agreements, Canada contemplates Crown conduct that may adversely impact section 35 rights, the relevant Departments will consult at that time.
• Canada firmly believes that the best way to resolve outstanding claims is to work together in partnership through co-operative negotiations and respectful dialogue, rather than litigation.
• Canada has long held that private property interests need to be protected in negotiating to reconcile Aboriginal title. No modern treaty, no negotiated agreement, and no federal approach has resulted in people losing privately owned land.

Current Status

• The three agreements were signed by Canada and Musqueam on February 20, 2026.
• Work is now underway to implement the agreements, including the development of funding agreements and the establishment of collaborative working groups related to fisheries, stewardship, and marine emergency management.
• Further to the advisement letters and following the signing of the agreements, CIRNAC officials are continuing to meet with neighbouring Nations to discuss and further clarify the scope of the agreements.

Background

• Musqueam Indian Band ("Musqueam") is a First Nation located in Vancouver, British Columbia, with a registered population of approximately 1,655 people.
• Musqueam currently have three Indian Reserves totaling 272 hectares. Their main community is on Musqueam Reserve Number 2.
• Musqueam's traditional territory and statement of intent covers significant portions of the Lower Mainland of British Columbia, including Richmond and the City of Vancouver.
• Musqueam has a strong economic and social presence in the Lower Mainland through various agreements and strategic partnerships with the City of Vancouver, corporations, and non-government organizations.
• Since 2017, Canada and Musqueam have been exploring and negotiating priority areas to recognize and incrementally implement Musqueam's section 35 rights within their territory.
• On February 24, 2025, Musqueam and Canada signed a Revenue Sharing Agreement committing the Government of Canada to share a percentage of ground lease revenues from Vancouver International Airport with Musqueam.
• On March 7, 2025, Musqueam and Canada initialled the Musqueam Self-Government Agreement.

Key Data Points

• The Tlegohli Got'ine Government Incorporated represents the Sahtu Dene and Metis of Norman Wells, Northwest Territories.
• Canada, the Government of the Northwest Territories, and the Tlegohli Got'ine Government Incorporated signed the Final Self-Government Agreement on September 18, 2025, marking the conclusion of negotiations.
• Canada provides ongoing funding through grants and contributions to implement comprehensive land claim and self-government agreements.
• The agreement enables the Tłegǫ́hłı̨ Got'įnę to exercise their inherent right of self-government, including the authority to make laws and manage programs in ways that reflect community priorities, language, and culture.

Key Messages

• The Final Self-Government Agreement restores decision-making authority to the Tłegǫ́hłı̨ Got'įnę, enabling the community to design and deliver programs that reflect local priorities and culture.
• Federal investments through the Main and Supplementary Estimates support the implementation of self-government agreements, ensuring communities have the capacity to govern and deliver services.
• Advancing Indigenous self-government agreements strengthens local governance, supports economic opportunity, and contributes to long-term community stability and reconciliation.

Current Status

• In September 2025, Canada, the Government of the Northwest Territories, and the Tlegohli Got'ine Government Incorporated signed the Final Self-Government Agreement following negotiations between the parties.
• Federal implementation legislation to bring the Agreement into force was introduced in the House of Commons on March 26, 2026. Next steps include supporting the legislation as it proceeds through Parliament; passing federal implementation legislation; finalizing implementation planning and fiscal arrangements, including ongoing transfer funding for governance and program delivery; and supporting the Tlegohli Got'ine Government Incorporated in preparing for the transition to full self-government authorities.

Background

• The Tłegǫ́hłı̨ Got'įnę are the Sahtu Dene and Metis of Norman Wells in the Northwest Territories. Their Final Self-Government Agreement establishes a new government-to-government relationship with Canada and the Government of Northwest Territories and formally recognizes their inherent right of self-government.
• The Final Self-Government Agreement builds on the foundation established by the Sahtu Dene and Metis Comprehensive Land Claim Agreement, which came into force in 1994. The land claim agreement settled Aboriginal land rights in the Sahtu region and established key institutions for land, water, and resource management.
• While the Sahtu land claim agreement addressed land ownership, resource rights, and participation in regional governance, it did not establish Indigenous self-government. Instead, it contemplated that self-government agreements could be negotiated in the future with each of the Sahtu communities.
• The Tłegǫ́hłı̨ Got'įnę Final Self-Government Agreement fulfills this next stage by establishing a constitutionally protected framework for the Tłegǫ́hłı̨ Got'įnę Government to exercise jurisdiction over internal matters such as governance structures, language and culture, and community services. Once implemented, the agreement will operate alongside the Sahtu land claim agreement, with both agreements forming part of the modern treaty framework in the Sahtu region.
• Under the Final Self-Government Agreement, the Tłegǫ́hłı̨ Got'įnę Government will have the authority to enact laws and administer programs. The Agreement is intended to support community-driven decision-making, cultural preservation, and economic development.
• Self-government agreements such as this one can also support economic development by providing clearer governance structures and decision-making authority, which can improve the ability of Indigenous governments to participate in and benefit from regional economic opportunities, including major resource and infrastructure projects in their territories.

Key Data Points

• In December 2024, the Haida Nation (Haida) and Canada signed the Chiix̲uujin / Chaaw K̲aawga "Big Tide (Low Water)" Haida Title Lands Agreement (the Agreement), bringing a key aspect of active litigation against Canada to a negotiated resolution.
• The Agreement protects fee simple (private property) interests and complements the Gaayhllxid / Gíihlagalgang "Rising Tide" Haida Title Lands Agreement between Haida and British Columbia that was signed in April 2024.
• In November 2024, during a Special House of Assembly, Haida citizens voted 97% in favour to approve the Agreement.
• In February 2025, over 350 community members gathered in Skidegate, Haida Gwaii to celebrate the public announcement of the Agreement.

Key Messages

• The Government of Canada has recognized Aboriginal title for the first time through a negotiated agreement, the Chiix̲uujin [Chee-Whoo-Gin] / Chaaw K̲aawga [Cha-Kow-Gaa] "Big Tide (Low Water)" Haida Title Lands Agreement.
• The Agreement recognizes Haida Aboriginal title to the land and foreshore of Haida Gwaii, while protecting fee simple (private property) interests, ensuring continued access to and use of lands for federal purposes, and preserving the delivery of federal public services for all residents.
• There are no changes to the collection of taxes or the ability of property owners to sell their land, secure financing, build, or alter structures.

Current Status

• Canada is advancing work to bring the Agreement into effect through federal implementing legislation.
• On September 5, 2025, with the support of Haida, Canada, and British Columbia, the BC Supreme Court declared that the Haida Nation has Aboriginal title to the land and foreshore of Haida Gwaii, consistent with the terms of both the Agreement and the "Rising Tide" Agreement.
• The effects of the Court's declaration are suspended for 24 months with respect to identified federal interests to give Canada sufficient time to introduce and pass implementing legislation.

Background

• Haida Gwaii is a group of over 200 islands (around one million hectares) located approximately 100 kilometres west of the northern coast of mainland British Columbia.
• The Haida Nation's claims to Aboriginal title and rights in Haida Gwaii were first accepted for negotiation by Canada in 1986.
• In 2002, Haida initiated legal action against Canada and British Columbia, seeking a declaration of Aboriginal title and rights to the entirety of Haida Gwaii, as well as the seabed, water column, marine areas, surmounting airspace, and areas within Canada's Exclusive Economic Zone.
• In 2021, Canada, Haida, and British Columbia signed the GayG̲ahlda / Kwah.hlahl.dáyaa "Changing Tide" Framework for Reconciliation, setting out an incremental approach to negotiating reconciliation agreements.
• In 2023, Canada, Haida, and British Columbia signed the Nang K̲'uula / Nang K̲'úulaas Recognition Agreement, recognizing the Haida Nation as the holder of inherent rights of governance and self-determination, and the Council of the Haida Nation as the governing body of the Haida Nation.
• In April 2024, Haida and British Columbia signed the Gaayhllxid / Gíihlagalgang "Rising Tide" Haida Title Lands Agreement, providing provincial recognition of Haida Aboriginal title on Haida Gwaii, including submerged lands (the seabed) extending up to 14 nautical miles from the low-water mark. The "Rising Tide" Agreement was brought into effect in July 2024 through provincial implementing legislation.
• From May to November 2024, Haida and Canada undertook negotiations to collaboratively develop the Chiix̲uujin / Chaaw K̲aawga "Big Tide (Low Water)" Haida Title Lands Agreement.
• On November 7, 2024, Bill S-16, An Act respecting the recognition of the Haida Nation and the Council of the Haida Nation, received royal assent.

Key Data Points

• The Manitoba Métis Federation represents approximately 42,500 Red River Métis citizens.
• CIRNAC provides funding to the Manitoba Métis Federation under various time limited federal programs, such as the Métis Housing Strategy, Indigenous Early Learning and Child Care, and, Urban, Rural and Northern Indigenous Housing.
• The funding has resulted in positive impacts such as:
  • the creation of approximately 650 new housing units;
  • the establishment of the Louis Riel Child Care Centre servicing 40 children and the Little Infinity Child Care center offering 55 spaces; and
  • the Michif Manor, which provides cultural wrap-around services to families receiving medical care in Winnipeg.
• On November 30, 2024, Canada and the Manitoba Métis Federation signed the Red River Métis Self-Government Recognition and Implementation Treaty. It recognizes the Manitoba Métis Federation as the Indigenous government mandated to represent the Red River Métis in respect of their section 35 right to self-government and recognizes its jurisdiction and authority over internal governance matters. The Treaty does not address harvesting, resources or land-related matters.
• As the representative government of the Red River Métis, CIRNAC has since 2018 provided the Manitoba Métis Federation with funding through an Interim Fiscal Financing Agreement to support its governance-related activities. A renewal of this funding, along with funding for the Métis Nation of Ontario, Métis Nation Saskatchewan, and the Otipemisiwak Métis Government (also known as the Métis nation of Alberta) is being sought through a Treasury Board Submission targeting Supplementary Estimates 'B'.

Key Messages

• Advancing self-government with the Manitoba Métis Federation (MMF) supports Canada's broader reconciliation and economic development objectives, including with respect to major resource and infrastructure projects.
• The recognition of the MMF as an Indigenous government supports the development of a government-to-government relationship that can enhance engagement on project reviews, regulatory processes and economic opportunities.
• Canada is committed to ensuring that the duty to consult is met and, where appropriate, that accommodations be made for any Indigenous groups whose rights may be adversely impacted.
• The Red River Métis Self-Government Recognition and Implementation Treaty was shaped by over one year of consultation and engagement with Indigenous groups, including other Métis Governments and organizations as well as First Nations in Manitoba. Numerous accommodations (i.e. modifications to the Treaty) were made during the Crown consultation process toward ensuring the Treaty will not adversely impact the section 35 rights of other Métis and First Nations groups once implemented.
• Canada is developing an Additions to Reserve Consultation and Accommodation Protocol with the MMF to support a coordinated approach to advancing Additions to Reserve matters in the province of Manitoba.

Current Status

• These funds will continue to flow through existing mechanisms.
• On February 12, 2026, federal implementing legislation, Bill C-21, was introduced in Parliament (Red River Métis Self-Government Recognition and Implementation Treaty Act). The Bill is currently at second reading stage awaiting resumption of debate.
• If passed, Bill C-21 will give legal force and effect to the Red River Métis Self-Government Recognition and Implementation Treaty upon royal assent.

Background

• As acknowledged in the Red River Métis Self-Government Recognition and Implementation Treaty, the Red River Métis are one of a number of Métis collectivities whose rights are recognized under section 35(2) of the Constitution Act, 1982.
• Individuals have a choice as to which Métis government represents them. To become a Red River Métis citizen, an individual must apply.
• Red River Métis Laws made pursuant to the Treaty will only apply to individuals who have chosen to register as Red River Métis citizens.
• The Government of Canada strives to negotiate agreements with Indigenous governments in a manner that will not impact the rights of other Indigenous governments or groups. Crown consultation is an important part of these efforts.
• The Red River Métis Self-Government Recognition and Implementation Treaty states that it is not to be interpreted to imply that the Red River Métis are the only Métis collectivity with rights under section 35(2) of the Constitution Act, 1982.
• Specifically, the Red River Métis Self-Government Recognition and Implementation Treaty was shaped by over one year of consultation and engagement with Indigenous groups, including other Métis Governments and organizations as well as First Nations in Manitoba. Numerous accommodations (i.e. modifications to the Treaty) were made during the Crown consultation process toward ensuring the Treaty will not adversely impact the section 35 rights of other Métis and First Nations groups once implemented.

Key Data Points

• There are currently 27 Modern Treaties in effect, covering over 40% of Canada's landmass including 80% of the North and forming the basis of Canada's relationships with 30 Indigenous Modern Treaty Partners.
• Implementing Modern Treaties is a whole-of-government responsibility — Modern Treaties created more than 9,000 obligations across over 30 departments and agencies.
• Evidence shows Modern Treaties are delivering real socio-economic results.
  • Studies have found that First Nations with modern treaties have 17% higher per-capita incomes and twice the rate of improvement in community well-being compared to non-treaty or Indian Act communities.
  • In Yukon, First Nations with Final Agreements saw household incomes rise by 62%—outpacing those without agreements.
• Examples of Indigenous Modern Treaty partners leading or partnering on major economic initiatives include:
  • Air Inuit is wholly owned by Nunavik Inuit through their economic development arm, Makivik Corporation.
  • Whitecap Dakota First Nation owns and is currently expanding the Dakota Dunes Resort, Casino and Golf Course. The expansion, which will include the construction of a spa complex, is expected to generate significant activity in construction and, once completed, tourism for the region at large.

Key Messages

• Modern Treaties and associated self-government arrangements support national priorities like trade, Arctic sovereignty, and resource development, as well as Indigenous-led economic development by:
  • Providing legal and regulatory stability for investors
  • Enabling greater Indigenous decision-making in economic sectors
  • Building economic capacity and participation
• These agreements are signed with the Crown as a whole making their implementation a whole-of-government responsibility. While steps have been taken to improve implementation across federal departments, including through the Cabinet Directive on the Federal Approach to Modern Treaty Implementation and Canada's Collaborative Modern Treaty Implementation Policy, challenges remain and more needs to be done.
• The Commissioner for Modern Treaty Implementation was co-developed with Indigenous Modern Treaty partners to address issues unique to Modern Treaty implementation. Bill C-10, An Act respecting the Commissioner for Modern Treaty Implementation, delivers on a specific policy commitment made jointly by Canada and Indigenous Modern Treaty partners to strengthen accountability for these constitutionally protected agreements.
• The Commissioner's scope would, therefore, be focused on Modern Treaties and their related agreements, such as associated self-government agreements, implementation plans, and fiscal arrangements.
• Historic Treaties are supported through distinct institutional and policy mechanisms — including Treaty Relations Commissions in Saskatchewan and Manitoba — which promote public education, mediation, and dialogue between First Nations and the Crown on treaty implementation issues.
• Additionally, to ensure Provincial and Territorial jurisdiction is respected, the Commissioner would focus on federal implementation activities. Provinces and Territories remain responsible for implementing their own commitments and do not fall under the Commissioner's purview.
• If Bill C-10 is passed by Parliament, the Commissioner for Modern Treaty Implementation will provide independent oversight and ensure that Parliament is kept informed of the Government's implementation activities.

Current Status

• Legislation to establish the Commissioner was introduced in Parliament on September 25, 2025, and is currently advancing to third reading in the House of Commons following completion of assessment by the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Indigenous and Northern Affairs.
• Should the legislation receive Royal Assent, the next step will be the appointment of the inaugural Commissioner and the standing-up of the Office.

Background

• The Commissioner for Modern Treaty Implementation is a proposed Agent of Parliament co-developed in 2023 with all Indigenous Modern Treaty partners to provide independent, expert oversight of federal Modern Treaty Implementation.
• It fulfills a commitment made in Canada's Collaborative Modern Treaty Implementation Policy (2023) and responds to 20 years of Modern Treaty partner advocacy for such a body.
• Legislation was initially introduced in October 2024 as Bill C-77, An Act Respecting the Commissioner for Modern Treaty Implementation. However it died on the Order Paper with the prorogation of Parliament on January 6, 2025 and was reintroduced, in its original form and with the same title, as Bill C-10 on September 25, 2025.

Key Data Points

• National Council for Reconciliation Act – Royal Assent: April 30, 2024.
• Act in Force: July 2, 2024 (triggered joint Minister of Crown-Indigenous Relations and the Transitional Committee process to select Council's first board of directors).
• National Call-out for Board of Directors: Over 230 completed applications received from across Canada, September to October 2024.
• Board of Directors: March 2025, nine members were selected per legislative criteria, including northern representation. The Council is currently recruiting new Board members to ensure it remains compliant with its founding legislation.
• Council Incorporation: March 3, 2025, officially established as an independent, Indigenous-led, national not-for-profit organization.
• Information Disclosure Protocol: Signed on September 30, 2025, enabling information disclosure to the Council from the Government of Canada.
• Funding from the Government of Canada: $126.5 million, provided in two installments with the final received by the Council in April 2026.

Key Messages

• The National Council for Reconciliation is an independent, Indigenous-led, non-political, not-for-profit organization whose purpose is to advance reconciliation between Indigenous and non-Indigenous people in Canada.
• The Government of Canada is looking forward to receiving the Council's first Annual Report that will be submitted by June 30, 2026.
• The Government of Canada remains committed to collaboratively advancing reconciliation with all partners. This includes implementing the Information Disclosure Protocol that was signed by the Minister and the Council in September 2026; preparing and publishing the Prime Minister's response to the Council's Annual Report; recognizing and participating in leadership forums with rights holders; and advancing other Government of Canada initiatives that were established in support of reconciliation.

Current Status

• CIRNAC will coordinate with the Council to implement the Information Disclosure Protocol.
• The Council's board of directors is engaged in operational and strategic planning as well as taking steps to prepare their first annual report (legislatively required by end of June 2026). The Minister of CIR is responsible for tabling the report in both houses in Parliament.
• CIRNAC will lead a whole-of-government approach to inform the Prime Minister's legislated response to the Council's first annual report, which will include a formal response to the Council's recommendations and a summary of the Government's plans and priorities for advancing reconciliation. This response is legislatively required to be published within 60 days after the Council's report is tabled in Parliament.

Background

• 2017: The Prime Minister announced an independent, Indigenous-led Interim Board to advise on creating the Council.
• 2018: The Interim Board's recommendations informed the draft legislative framework.
• 2021–2022: A Transitional Committee refined the draft legislative framework and made final recommendations.
• 2022: Bill C-29 was introduced in Parliament in June 2022, advancing the Truth and Reconciliation Commission's Calls to Action 53 and setting in motion Calls to Action 54-56.
• 2024: The Transitional Committee completed its mandate with the joint selection of the first board with the Minister of CIR.
• 2025: The Council incorporated and began operations, focusing on strategic planning, governance development, collaboration on the protocol and preparation for its first annual report.

Key Data Points

• As of June 3, 2026, 73% of the 215 Calls for Justice that speak to the federal government in some capacity (29 call upon the federal government exclusively; 186 call upon the federal, provincial, and territorial governments collectively) have been actioned. The federal government reported 163 Calls for Justice as actioned, which includes those where action was completed (2) and those with work underway (161), and 57 Calls for Justice as action pending. In addition to the Calls for Justice that speak to the federal government, 5 other Calls for Justice have been advanced by federal departments.
• Recent 2024 Homicide Survey data shows that Indigenous women and girls continue to be significantly overrepresented among homicide victims, with rates 8.4 times higher than for non-Indigenous women and girls. This reflects a 38% increase from the previous year, and the highest figure since 2019. The proportion of reported missing Indigenous women and girls who were homicide victims was 3.25 lower in 2024 than the average since this data was first collected in 2015 (13%).

Key Messages

• As of June 3, 2026, 158 of the 215 Calls for Justice that speak to the federal government in some capacity have been advanced, and in the course of federal efforts a further five have been supported to end the crisis. The federal government reports 163 Calls for Justice as actioned, which includes those where action was completed (2), and those with work underway (161), and 57 Calls for Justice as action pending.
• CIRNAC continues to advance work related to major projects, human trafficking, and the Red Dress Alert. For example, the Government of Canada announced $300,000 for Giganawenimaanaanig to help advance the next steps on a Red Dress Alert pilot in Manitoba.
• To address this national crisis, a holistic approach of action and collaboration across all levels of government, with Indigenous partners, grassroots organizations, and many other partners is being taken. This collective approach is essential to addressing the persistent and deliberate human and Indigenous rights violations and abuses that are the root causes behind Canada's staggering rates of violence against Indigenous women, girls and 2SLGBTQI+ people.
• The Government of Canada remains committed to advancing Indigenous-led approaches and building a Canada where all Indigenous women, girls and 2SLGBTQI+ people can live freely and safely.

Current Status

• On December 5, 2025, Giganawenimaanaanig shared their final report on the development of the Red Dress Alert pilot project. The report included a funding proposal for $74.2M over ten years, of which $37.1M would be federal funds.
• Implementing a Red Dress Alert in Manitoba would advance Call for Justice 9.5 roman numeral 7vii, address the priorities of many key Indigenous partners related to safety and emergency management systems, and support the federal government's Budget 2025 investments on major projects, which are associated with an increased risk to the safety of Indigenous women, girls, and 2SLGBTQI+ people.
• On May 5, 2026, Red Dress Day, the National Day of Awareness for MMIWG2S+, the Government of Canada announced $300,000 for Giganawenimaanaanig to help advance the next steps on a Red Dress Alert pilot in Manitoba.
• The Government of Canada continues to work  closely with the Province of Manitoba and Giganawenimaanaanig to determine next steps and funding options for the Red Dress Alert pilot project.
• The Chief Advisor to Combat Human Trafficking served from January 2025 to May 2026. CIRNAC, in collaboration with Public Safety, continues to support the work initiated under the Chief Advisor's mandate as Public Safety determines next steps.  
• The 2026 National Indigenous-Federal-Provincial-Territorial Meeting on Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women, Girls and 2SLGBTQI+ People took place on February 11 and 12, 2026 in hybrid format in Ottawa. Day one focused on three key topics: human trafficking, the Red Dress Alert and Major Projects. Day two included a leadership plenary.

Background

• On June 3 2019, the National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls released its final report "Reclaiming Power and Place" that documents the systemic and interconnected causes of the violence that Indigenous women, girls, and 2SLGBTQI+ people experience. Alongside its report, the National Inquiry outlined the path forward to redress this violence through 231 Calls for Justice. The National Inquiry's Calls for Justice are aimed at both government and non-government actors and are wide-ranging, including calls for both long-term systemic changes and short-term immediate actions.
• The Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women, Girls, and 2SLGBTQI+ People Secretariat (MMIWG2S+ Secretariat) coordinated the co-development of the National Action Plan: Ending Violence Against Indigenous Women, Girls and 2SLGBTQQIA People (National Action Plan) with families and survivors, the federal, provincial, territorial and Indigenous governments, and Indigenous organizations and communities. This work was completed in 2021.
• The federal component of the National Action Plan is the Federal Pathway to Address Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women, Girls and 2SLGBTQQIA+ People (Federal Pathway). A Federal Pathway Annual Progress Report is published every year on June 3rd to commemorate the anniversary of the 2019 release of the National Inquiry's final report. The Annual Progress Report details progress made on initiatives under the federal pathway along with federal efforts that respond to the Calls for Justice.
• In January 2025, the federal government launched the Calls for Justice Reporting tool which compliments the annual progress report by enabling Canadians to easily navigate federal efforts to advance the Calls for Justice.
• Many broader actions also look to address the socio-economic root causes that increase the vulnerability of Indigenous women, girls and 2SLGBTQI+ people to violence by improving access to education, health and wellbeing services for Indigenous people; supporting the improvement of infrastructure; and supporting Indigenous entrepreneurs and economies. Implementation of these actions continues to be monitored and reported on against the Calls for Justice to track our progress.

Key Data Points

• CIRNAC leads on the implementation of 44 of the 181 Action Plan Measures within the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Act (UNDA) Action Plan; this includes 15 Shared Priorities, five First Nations Priorities, six Inuit Priorities, seven Métis Priorities, and 11 Modern Treaty Partner Priorities.
• Since the launch of the UNDA Action Plan in June 2023, CIRNAC has completed three Action Plan Measures and continues to advance implementation across its remaining measures, demonstrating continued progress in advancing Indigenous rights, governance, and self-determination.
• Based on 2025-26 reporting on CIRNAC-led sub-measures, eleven (18%) of CIRNAC's measures are fully funded, 24 (40%) are partially funded, 21 (35%) are unfunded, and four (7%) require no funding.

Key Messages

• CIRNAC continues to advance implementation of the UNDA, with tangible results through co-developed legislation, policies, and funding frameworks that advance reconciliation.
• Collaboration with Indigenous partners remains central, including through the operationalization of the Cabinet Directive on the Implementation of the Inuit Nunangat Policy (Shared Priority 67) and the renewal of Consultation and Accommodation Guidelines (Shared Priority 68).
• These efforts are translating commitments into measurable results that strengthen Indigenous governance, advance self-determination, and improve community well-being across Canada.

Current Status

• CIRNAC continues to advance implementation of its 44 Action Plan Measures in collaboration with Indigenous partners and partner departments and will continue to transparently report on progress, funding status, and barriers to implementation in the UNDA Annual Report. The most recent Annual Report was tabled in Parliament in August 2025.
• The next annual report is expected to be tabled in Summer 2026. Updates to the material below will follow in the coming months.
• Completed Measures Reported in 2024-25
  • Modern Treaty Priority 1L: Enhanced Modern Treaty partner participation in federal decision-making, improving collaboration on legislation, policy, and program development.
  • Modern Treaty Priority 8: Co-developed a new fiscal policy framework supporting sustainable and collaborative funding arrangements for self-governing Indigenous governments.
  • Shared Priority 86: Increased food sovereignty through long-term and flexible funding to strengthen access to traditional foods and local food systems (e.g., Harvesters Support Grant, Community Food Programs Fund).
• Measures Previously Identified as Advancing Toward Completion
  • Shared Priority 104 (TRC Call to Action 66): Pilot project with Indigenous Youth Roots reaching 1.2 million youth and distributing over $9 million to 1,400+ youth-led initiatives; scheduled to conclude in 2025–26.
  • Métis Priority 1: Federal legislation to formally recognize Métis governments to be introduced to Parliament, strengthening Métis self-government.
  • Shared Priority 46: Co-development of the Indigenous Climate Leadership Agenda completed in 2024–25; follow-up expected in 2025–26 (This is a co-lead with ECCC).
  • Modern Treaty Priority 9: An Act respecting the Commissioner for Modern Treaty Implementation progressing in Parliament to establish an independent oversight mechanism.
• Highlights of Ongoing Implementation Progress
  • Shared Priority 67: Cabinet Directive on the Implementation of the Inuit Nunangat Policy operationalized in 2024–25, embedding Inuit co-development principles and consideration of implications for Inuit Nunangat in policy and program development across federal departments.
  • Shared Priority 68: Phase 2 of the Consultation and Accommodation Guidelines Renewal underway; new guidelines expected Spring 2026.
  • Shared Priorities 69 and 70: Continued support for Indigenous Women's and 2SLGBTQI+ organizations, with $7.4 million invested in 33 projects in 2024–25, including initiatives led by the Esquao Institute and 2 Spirits in Motion Society.

Background

• The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Act (UNDA)commits the Government of Canada to align federal laws and policies with the UN Declaration in consultation and collaboration with Indigenous Peoples and to reporting annually on progress.
• Justice Canada is the overall Government of Canada lead on the implementation of the UNDA. CIRNAC leads the largest portfolio of federal Action Plan Measures—44 in total—spanning self-determination, governance, and fiscal relations.
• CIRNAC remains committed to working with Justice Canada and Indigenous partners to maintain transparency, prioritize measures for advancement, and ensure progress toward reconciliation and the full realization of Indigenous rights in Canada.

Key Data Points

• Since the Specific Claims process began in 1973 to March 31, 2026, 802 claims, totaling more than $24.7 billion in compensation, have been resolved, of which 6 were resolved at Tribunal for nearly $235 million.
• As of March 31, 2026, there were 734 claims in the Specific Claims inventory.
• To date there have been 58 agricultural benefits claims, valued at $7.7 billion, settled with First Nations from Treaties 4, 5, 6, and 10. As of April 20, 2026, the Expedited Process for Agricultural Benefits Claims in Treaties 4, 5, 6 and 10 is closed to new submissions. The 19 First Nations that had not submitted such claims prior to that date have been informed that they can submit their agricultural benefits claims through the regular specific claims process.

Key Messages

• Specific claims are grievances that First Nations have against the Government of Canada for its failure to discharge its lawful obligations under pre-1975 treaties, and the management of First Nation lands, monies and other assets.
• Specific claims result from Canada's historical behaviour towards First Nations. Negotiated settlements honour treaty and other legal obligations and resolve longstanding disputes in a way that respects the rights of all Canadians. Settlements provide First Nations with capital that can be invested in new opportunities for community and economic development that can benefit First Nations and their neighbours.
• Canada is committed to improving the efficiency, fairness and equity of the Specific Claims Program and the just and timely resolution of long-outstanding grievances

Current Status

• In recent years, the Specific Claims Program has implemented several innovative practices to streamline claims resolution, such as bundling claims from a same First Nation, developing framework approaches to resolve similar claims, and adopting measures to accelerate the resolution of smaller value claims.
• The Program will continue to resolve longstanding grievances with First Nations while trying to find ways to improve the process.

Background

• Specific claims address legal obligations with respect to pre-1975 treaties and the misadministration of First Nation lands and other assets.
• The objective of the Specific Claims Program is to ensure that whenever possible, Canada discharges its lawful obligations to First Nations through the implementation of negotiated settlement agreements, as an alternative to litigation.

Key Data Points

• The Specific Claims Research program provides funding to assist First Nations in researching and developing their specific claims. It is essential to upholding the honour of the Crown, strengthening relationships with First Nations, and advancing reconciliation.
• Budget 2019 committed $8 million of additional funding per year over 5 years, on top of the $4 million per year of ongoing funding. The Government of Canada announced a two-year extension of the additional funding, through the Fall Economic Statement 2023, bringing the total budget envelope to $12 million. The additional funding of $8 million sunset on March 31, 2026.  The 2026 Spring Economic Update confirmed that funding of $4M would be provided in 2026-2027.
• In 2025-26, $15,078,500 of funding was allocated to support Specific Claims Research to fund 134 First Nations and 15 Claims Research Units, to advance work on  815 specific claims. An additional $3,078M was provided from internal departmental reallocation in addition to the $12M.

Key Messages

• We recognize that addressing specific claims is essential to upholding the honour of the Crown, strengthening relationships with First Nations, and advancing reconciliation.
• The department is committed to advancing a fair and transparent funding allocation to recipients in partnership with First Nations and Claims Research Units Working group.

Current Status

• The call for proposals inviting applications for 2026-27 fiscal year research funding launched on February 13, 2026 and the deadline to submit by March 18, 2026.
• Next steps include: a review of applications to determine eligibility, followed by the assessment of eligible applications against established criteria. The target of sending funding offers and responses to all applicants is June 2026.  

Background

• First Nations require this funding to develop and research their specific claims, this includes conducting historical research, Elders and community interviews and hiring a legal counsel to work on the legal submission.
• Claims need to meet the Minimum Standards to be filed with the Minister and must include an historical report, historical document collection with source label, index of documents, maps, as well as a legal submission describing the allegations and relevant case law.
• Securing services for historical researchers, anthropologists and legal counsel is costly and can go up to $150K per claim.
• The funding provided by CIRNAC in support of specific claims development is essential for providing First Nations with the resources to develop claims that will meet the Minimum Standard and have a higher likelihood to result in an offer to negotiate and settlement. This funding support their access to justice and reconciliation, while settlement money can be used to invest in land purchase, infrastructure and economic development opportunities.
• The program received applications totaling $26.8M in 2024-25 and $34.5M in 2025-26, indicating that demand significantly exceeded available funding. The number of applications increased proportionally, from 130 in 2024-25 to 192 in 2025-26.
• More than a hundred First Nations and First Nation organizations have written to the Minister and Prime Minister to request an increase in the funding envelope, and a Resolution was passed in the fall by Chiefs-in-Assembly which underscores ongoing concerns over specific claims research funding for First Nations.

Key Data Points

• The Residential Schools Missing Children Community Support Fund currently has 166 agreements in place with Indigenous communities and partners for a total of $284.2 million as of May 26, 2026.
• These funds support community-led and Survivor-centric efforts to locate, document, and memorialize burial sites associated with former Indian residential schools, and honour families' wishes to repatriate children's remains.
• Investigation work has been conducted for 61% of former residential school sites (89 of 145 residential schools included in the Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement and in the Newfoundland and Labrador Residential Schools Settlement Agreement).
• Funding for the Community Support Fund was extended by two years in the recent Spring Economic Update, in the amount of $52 million per year. This is in line with previous years.
• Budget 2024 announced $5 million for Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada to establish a program to combat residential schools denialism.

Key Messages

• Addressing the ongoing legacy of residential schools is a priority for the Government of Canada. The Residential Schools Missing Children – Community Support Fund supports Indigenous-led efforts to research, locate, and document burial sites associated with former residential schools.
• The search for missing children and unmarked burial sites at former residential schools is highly sensitive and complex. An Indigenous-led and Survivor-centric approach honours and prioritizes community cultural, spiritual, and emotional needs.
• Communities are at various stages of this work: some are focused on locating missing children through archival research, knowledge gathering, and various geophysical and survey methods, and some are preparing for exhumation and identification of children's remains.
• Examples of community work:
  • Research has led to locating the graves of two children – Alma Beaulieu (Deninu K'ue First Nation) and Juliette Rabbit Skin (Cree Nation of Mistissini) who died while attending Indian Residential Schools. The remains of both children have been repatriated to their home communities.
  • The archival research and knowledge gathering undertaken by the Cross Lake First Nation allows community members to answer their questions about children who attended the Cross Lake Indian Residential School. The goal has been "to build a bridge to the past by fostering a digital space where the stories of Residential School Students can be shared to ensure their memory endures".
  • The Assiniboia Residential School Legacy Group has created the Assiniboia Residential School Monument and Gathering Place in the City of Winnipeg. The beautiful Monument includes an inscription of the names of all of the children who attended, and died while attending the Assiniboia Indian Residential School.
• Denying the reality of residential schools, or the harms caused by those schools, is wrong, and the Government of Canada does not support this rhetoric. Any misinformation or disinformation on this issue can be damaging to Survivors, families, Indigenous communities, and our reconciliation efforts.
• As part of the government's commitment to educating Canadians about the reality of residential schools in this country, Budget 2024 invested $5 million over three years to combat residential school denialism.

Current Status

• The application deadline for the Residential Schools Missing Children Community Support Fund is August 15, 2026.
• Since the beginning of the Program in 2021-2022, CIRNAC has received 196 formal requests for funding from Indigenous communities and organizations under the Program, totaling over $ 775.8 million.
• Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada continues to:
  • support communities through the Residential Schools Missing Children Community Support Fund;
  • collaborate with Survivors, Indigenous communities and others to support the work of locating, documenting, and commemorating cemeteries and unmarked burials associated with former Indian residential schools and honouring families' wishes to repatriate children's remains; and
  • ensure Survivors, Indigenous communities, and families guide this work at their pace, in accordance with the principles identified in Call to Action 76.

Background

• The Truth and Reconciliation Commission's Calls to Action 74 to 76 sets out an approach to honour missing children from Indian Residential Schools as well as undocumented burial sites.
• On May 27, 2021, Tk'emlúps te Secwépemc announced that a radar survey near the former Kamloops Indian Residential School had detected 215 anomalies, prompting Indigenous communities and Survivors across Canada to initiate similar efforts to locate missing children at other residential school sites.
• In June 2021, Crown-Indigenous Relations (CIR) launched the Residential Schools Missing Children Community Support Fund. The Fund's purpose is to provide support to Indigenous communities and partners to locate, document, and memorialize undocumented burial sites associated with former residential schools and honour families' wishes to identify and repatriate children's remains. The former residential schools include 140 from the Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement and 5 from the Newfoundland and Labrador Residential Schools Settlement Agreement.
• Recent years have seen an increase in incidences of individuals and organizations denying the history and ongoing impacts of Indian residential schools including, perhaps most disturbingly, the assertion that unmarked graves and burial sites associated with former residential schools are a "hoax."
• Community, regional and national Indigenous leaders have called for the federal government to act to counter denialism, demanding both legislative and policy responses to address this harmful trend. The Special Interlocutor, consistent with her mandate, focused primarily on an appropriate suite of legislative remedies. She and others, including the United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, have highlighted the need for educational and other programming to inform the Canadian public and counter denialists' voices.
• In response, Budget 2024 included $5 million over three years for Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada to establish a program to counter Indian residential schools denialism.

Key Data Points

• This litigation is the focus of considerable national attention due to the BC Supreme Court Decision of August 7, 2025, declaring that the Cowichan Nation has Aboriginal title to an area of urban land in Richmond, British Columbia, which includes some privately owned fee simple lands, along with lands owned by Canada and the City of Richmond.

Key Messages

• Canada disagrees with elements of Court's decision, and we appealed it in our own right on September 8, 2025.
• We understand that this decision may cause uncertainty and concern for private landowners.
• This decision's potential significant implications, including on private property rights, necessitates greater legal clarity, and this clarity can come about through the proper legal process.

Current Status

• All parties to the litigation have appealed the Court's decision. The appeals will likely be heard by the BC Court of Appeal some time in 2026 or early 2027. Hearing dates have not yet been set.
• On January 23, 2026, Montrose Industries Ltd., Montrose Property Holdings and EcoWaste Industries Ltd ("Montrose") in Richmond, BC, filed an application to join the litigation as a party and to reopen the BC Supreme Court trial to make submissions as a company with private landholdings in the title area.
• Montrose's Application was heard by Justice Young of the BC Supreme Court May 25-26, 2026. Canada consented to Montrose's application, and made limited submissions. Justice Young has reserved her decision, and there is currently no indication of when it will be issued.

Background

• In November 2014, the Cowichan Tribes, the Stz'uminus First Nation, the Penelakut Tribe, and the Halalt First Nation commenced an action in the BC Supreme Court against Canada, British Columbia, and the City of Richmond. The Vancouver Fraser Port Authority, Musqueam Indian Band and Tsawwassen First Nation were added as defendants in 2016.
• The plaintiffs sought a declaration of Aboriginal title to 1,846 acres of land located on the waterfront in the City of Richmond, and a declaration of an Aboriginal right to fish for food in the south arm of the Fraser River. The claimed lands include approximately 700 acres of federal lands managed by Vancouver Fraser Port Authority. The remaining lands are municipal (Richmond) or are held by private landowners.
• The BC Supreme Court trial lasted from September 2019 to November 2023.
• On August 7, 2025, the Court issued its decision, declaring the Plaintiffs have title to approximately 40 percent of the claimed area and an Aboriginal right to fish.
• The Court also declared that:
  • Canada's fee simple interests in the Aboriginal title lands (other than the fuel delivery lands) are defective and invalid;
  • Canada has a duty to negotiate Canada's fee simple interest in the fuel delivery lands with the Plaintiffs' Aboriginal title; and
  • The Crown grants of fee simple interests in the Aboriginal title lands unjustifiably infringe the Plaintiffs' title.
• Canada filed its Notice of Appeal on September 8, 2025, and is appealing portions of the decision around Aboriginal title and invalidity of Canada's fee simple interests. The appeal is filed to achieve clarity and certainty on the issues raised by the decision, which are of national importance.
• The other parties to the litigation have also appealed parts of the decision. This includes the Cowichan, who have appealed the overall declaration of title. On appeal, Cowichan is seeking title to all of the claimed area or in the alternative, a larger portion of the claim area than that to which title was declared.

Key Data Points

• This litigation is the focus of considerable national attention since the New Brunswick Court of Appeal's ruling in December 2025 that Aboriginal title cannot apply to fee simple lands and the subsequent dismissal of the Wolastoqey appeal by the Supreme Court of Canada on May 28, 2026

Key Messages

• Most of the lands claimed by the Wolastoqey Nation in the litigation fall under the jurisdiction of the Province of New Brunswick.
• On December 11, 2025, the New Brunswick Court of Appeal held that the Wolastoqey Nation can seek a declaration of Aboriginal title over Crown lands (a formal legal recognition of their title), but for privately owned lands they can only seek a finding of Aboriginal title, which does not affect private ownership.
• While the New Brunswick Court of Appeal decision is binding only in New Brunswick, it will inform arguments in other cases, such as the Cowichan case in British Columbia.
• As the Prime Minister has made clear, private property rights are fundamental, and the Government of Canada will always seek to protect them.
• At the same time, we remain committed to advancing reconciliation and working with Indigenous Partners to address claims in a way that respects and upholds their rights and preserves the certainty and stability of private property.
• As this matter is before the courts, we are not in a position to comment further at this time.

Current Status

• On May 28, 2026, the Supreme Court of Canada (SCC) denied the Wolastoqey Nation's application for leave to appeal the New Brunswick Court of Appeal's (NBCA) December 2025 decision that limited their ability to formally seek Aboriginal title over fee simple lands.
• The consequences are that the Industrial Defendants are removed as defendants to the litigation. Moreover, the Plaintiffs are also required to amend their SOC to reflect the motion judge's decision, as modified by the NBCA.
• We anticipate the proceeding will resume with scheduling a case management conference to determine next steps in the litigation, likely filing Canada's defence.

Background

• Six First Nations of the Wolastoqey Nation in New Brunswick filed a claim in October 2020 seeking a declaration that they hold Aboriginal title to more than half of the province. The claim alleges this land was never surrendered by treaty. Some of this land is now held in fee simple by private landowners.
• On November 12, 2024, the Court of King's Bench of New Brunswick issued a procedural decision allowing the claim to proceed and holding that Aboriginal title could, in principle, extend to lands held in fee simple. On April 24, 2025, three timber firms appealed this decision to the New Brunswick Court of Appeal.
• On December 11, 2025, the New Brunswick Court of Appeal issued a decision that limits the ability to seek a formal declaration of Aboriginal title over fee simple land. OnFebruary 6, 2026, the Wolastoqey Nation applied for leave to appeal the New Brunswick Court of Appeal's (NBCA) December 2025 decision.

Key Data Points

• Restoule: In 2024, Canada, Ontario and 21 Robinson Huron Treaty First Nations signed a $10 billion settlement agreement (with Canada and Ontario each contributing $5 billion) that resolved a longstanding dispute about Treaty annuity payments under the Robinson Huron Treaty of 1850.
• Whitesand: In January 2025, Canada and Ontario each committed to paying $1.8 billion in compensation to the 1850 Robinson Superior Treaty First Nations pursuant to a July 2024 decision by the Supreme Court of Canada. The Robinson Superior Treaty First Nations sought a review of the Crown's decision in court. The court released its decision on February 27, 2026 finding that the Crown's determination of compensation was reasonable and honourable.

Key Messages

• The Restoule settlement for compensation for past annuities was a major milestone in ongoing collaborative work to build a renewed Treaty relationship with the Robinson Huron Treaty First Nations that is rooted in mutual respect, shared prosperity and partnership.
• With respect to the Whitesand litigation, the Ontario Superior Court found that the determination of compensation that Canada and Ontario provided to the First Nations was reasonable and honourable to address past wrongs.
• We are working with the Robinson Treaties First Nations and Ontario to advance discussions on how to address the ongoing Treaty promise.

Current Status

• In the Restoule context, the settlement on past annuities with 21 Robinson Huron Treaty First Nations has set the stage to explore forward-looking arrangements on Treaty annuities; these discussions are at the initial stages.
• In the Whitesand litigation, brought by the Robinson Superior First Nations, the Court found the Crown's determination of past compensation ($1.8 billion each) was reasonable and honourable. The First Nations have filed a notice of appeal, and Ontario has filed a notice of cross-appeal. Legal costs owing to the First Nations are still to be determined by the court.  
• Canada is prepared to re-engage in discussions with Ontario and the Robinson Superior Treaty First Nations to begin forward-looking discussions.

Background

• The Restoule and Whitesand actions are two civil actions brought by First Nations of the Robinson Huron Treaty and Robinson Superior Treaty, respectively, alleging Ontario and Canada had breached the terms of the Robinson Treaties of 1850 by failing to periodically increase annuity payments.
• On the interpretation of the Robinson Treaties, the Ontario Superior Court found the Crown had an obligation to increase the Treaty annuity payments over time if economic circumstances would allow. This decision was eventually upheld on appeal by the Supreme Court of Canada.
• The determination of compensation for the two Treaty groups took different paths:
  • The Restoule Plaintiffs (Robinson Huron Treaty) chose to pursue negotiations with Canada and Ontario, resulting in the $10 billion settlement.
  • The Whitesand Plaintiffs (Robinson Superior Treaty) proceeded to a trial to determine compensation.
• Pursuant to the requirements of the Supreme Court decision, on January 27, 2025, Canada (and Ontario) announced the determination that they would each pay $1.8 billion in compensation to the Robinson Superior First Nations. On the same day the Robinson Superior First Nations indicated that they would seek review of this decision by the Ontario Superior Court as allowed by the decision of the Supreme Court.

Key Data Points

• CIRNAC currently manages 25 annuity-related civil litigation actions involving at least 223 of the 275 Numbered Treaty First Nations. The actions claim breaches and damages based on Canada not having increased annuities over time.

Key Messages

• We recognize that more needs to be done in renewing the Treaty relationship and we remain open to looking at ways to advance this important work.

Current Status

• Most annuity-related civil actions were filed in 2023 or 2024. Most are in the early stages of the litigation process. Roughly half the claims are filed as representative actions, and half as proposed class actions.
• The most advanced representative proceeding is Nelson v. Canada (Treaty 1). The claim seeks $11 billion in compensation as well as punitive damages. The trial concluded February 27, 2026. A decision is possible by late 2026.

Background

• The Numbered Treaties were entered into between Canada and First Nations from 1871 to 1921. There are now 275 recognized Numbered Treaty First Nations. The Numbered Treaties include annual payments of $4 or $5 to registered members. There is no provision in the Numbered Treaties specifying that annuities be augmented over time. As such, the same amount is still paid annually to registered individuals. While treaty annuities have virtually no purchasing power today, they carry deep symbolic significance as part of the solemn treaty relationship.
• Of the 25 litigation claims filed, 11 are proposed class actions. Canada's position in all the class actions is to oppose certification on the basis that representative actions are the preferable procedure (in class actions, individuals can opt out and pursue their own litigation and remedy). The first decision on class certification was rendered in the Nepinak and Acoose (Treaty 4) litigation in May 2025. The court dismissed certification, in alignment with Canada's position. The decision is currently under appeal. Successful certification of any of the proposed class actions could impact the jurisprudence and remedies being sought.
• Unlike the earlier Robinson-Huron and Robinson-Superior Treaties that are the subject of treaty annuity indexation litigation in the Restoule/Whitesand proceedings, the Numbered Treaties do not specify that their treaty annuities be augmented over time.

Key Data Points

• Kitigan Zibi Anishinabeg – Ontario claim: This litigation involves a claim of Aboriginal title over federal lands that include Parliament Hill and the Supreme Court of Canada. The defendants are the Attorney General of Canada and the National Capital Commission. If the court recognizes Aboriginal title over the lands in question (including Parliament Hill and the Judicial Precinct), it would be a historic legal precedent.
• Kitigan Zibi Anishinabeg – Québec claim: This litigation involves a claim of Aboriginal title over federal lands in western Quebec that include important natural parks such as the Gatineau Park and lands situated in the City of Gatineau as well as the Canadian Museum of History. The defendants are the Attorney General of Canada, Quebec, Hydro-Québec and the National Capital Commission.

Key Messages

• The claims seek, among other things, a declaration of Aboriginal title to certain federally held lands in downtown Ottawa and various lands in the Gatineau region.
• Canada respects Kitigan Zibi Anishinabeg's decision to advance their Indigenous rights through the courts.
• Our government remains committed to advancing reconciliation and upholding its legal obligations to Indigenous People.
• We will continue to uphold the principles of reconciliation, recognizing rights, the honour of the Crown, and advancing Indigenous self-determination and self-governance.

Current Status

Kitigan Zibi Anishinabeg – Ontario claim:

• On March 5, 2026, the Court directed  the Plaintiffs to bring a motion to seek the court's authorization to bring their action as a representative proceeding on behalf of the Algonquin Anishinabe Nation. Subject to court decision, the hearing of that motion is expected in January 2027.
• Canada has an opportunity to amend its defence filed in June 2025 to reflect the amended claim filed in October 2025 seeking compensation for title infringement and breach of treaty/Crown promises which expands the compensation sought initially. The amended defence will be filed after the resolution of the Plaintiffs' motion representation. No current date is set on filling an amended defence.

Kitigan Zibi Anishinabeg – Québec claim:

• The litigation is still in early stage and the dates for filing pleadings have not yet been set. Canada's defence would be filed after the Plaintiff files their expert reports. On May 8, 2026, the names of KZA experts were provided along with the dates of expert reports delivery which is between June 2027 and September 2027.

Background

Kitigan Zibi Anishinabeg – Ontario claim:

• In 2016, Kitigan Zibi Anishinabeg, on behalf of the Anishinabe Algonquin Nation (AAN), filed litigation in the Ontario Superior Court against Canada and Ontario, seeking a declaration of Aboriginal title to lands or a portion of lands in Ottawa that includes the Parliament buildings, the Supreme Court of Canada, Library and Archives Canada, the Canadian War Museum and LeBreton Flats, as well as Victoria, Chaudière and Albert Islands.
• The litigation had been in abeyance while KZA was in discussions with CIRNAC at a Recognition of Indigenous Rights and Self Determination (RIRSD) table from 2017 to October 2022. The Plaintiffs filed an amended Statement of Claim in June 2024, adding allegation of inadequate consultation on title transfers made after 2016. The Plaintiffs seek an accounting of revenues and disgorgement of profits derived by Canada and its agent, NCC, as well as equitable compensation for the breaches of the duty to consult.
• On February 4, 2025, the Plaintiffs discontinued their claim against Ontario. On February 10, 2025, the Plaintiffs filed an amended Statement of Claim removing Ontario from the litigation.
• On June 12, 2025, Canada filed a Statement of Defence in response to the amended Statement of Claim.
• On October 31, 2025, the Plaintiffs filed an Amended Statement of Claim. Canada has not yet filed an Amended Statement of Defence.

Kitigan Zibi Anishinabeg – Québec claim:

• On October 27, 2025, the Kitigan Zibi Anishinabeg filed an application for declaration of Aboriginal title to part of its territory in the Gatineau region as well as damages for infringements of its Aboriginal title and treaty rights, against Canada, the National Capital Commission (NCC), Québec and Hydro-Québec.
• Kitigan Zibi Anishinabeg is seeking a declaration of title over large tracks of land, including Gatineau Park, some islands in the Ottawa and Gatineau Rivers, including Kettle island, lands situated in the City of Gatineau, including the lands of the Canadian Museum of History, as well as the lands occupied by the Baskatong Reservoir, the Montagne du Diable Regional Park, the Bras-Coupé-Désert Controlled Zone (CZ), the Pontiac CZ and the Réserve Faunique de Papineau Labelle.
• The plaintiffs claim that the Defendants have interfered with their Aboriginal title to these lands, in contravention of the Treaty of Swegatchy, the Royal Proclamation of 1763, and the Carleton Proclamation and Promise of 1766. They notably allege that Canada gave full management control of the Gatineau Park lands to the National Capital Commission (NCC), without KZA's consent. They seek $5 billion dollars in compensation for loss of lands, loss of opportunity, loss of culture, loss of profit and to restore the honour of the Crown.

Key Data Points

• The Collaborative Fiscal Policy Process involves 30 Self-Governing Indigenous Governments, representing 39 communities and more than 40,000 people, including:
  • 25 Modern Treaty-holders (Comprehensive Land Claim and Self-Government)
  • 5 Comprehensive Self-government agreement holders
• Modern Treaty agreements address 40% of Canada's total land mass.
• There are adjacent collaborative fiscal policy processes with Metis and education sectoral partners.
• Concrete impacts of investments:
  • Tla'amin built a new Child Development Resource Centre in 2021, expanding childcare capacity by 75 spaces;
  • Champagne and Aishihik built 64 new homes, nearly doubling community housing since 2018; and
  • Délı̨nę Government built a new preschool/daycare and modular homes in 2021, using gap-closing funds.
• Funding increases to date:
  • Through the Collaborative Fiscal Process, Canada and self-governing Indigenous Governments co-developed:
    • the governance and administration expenditure need methodology which resulted in a 118% increase in governance funding;
    • the Stage 1 lifecycle infrastructure methodology which resulted in a 154% increase in infrastructure funding; and
    • an interim approach for lands and resources funding,
  • In addition, since 2018, the federal government has committed approximately $689 million in time-limited funding to support self-governing Indigenous Governments in addressing socio-economic, infrastructure, and housing gaps.

Key Messages

• Canada's Collaborative Self-Government Fiscal Policy addresses the fiscal relationship between Canada and self-governing Indigenous Governments and focuses on the actual expenditure needs of self-governments, rather than linking funding to previous levels under the Indian Act.
• The collaborative approach to fiscal policy development has allowed a greater understanding, a higher level of trust and stronger partnership between Canada and self-governing Indigenous Governments. Additionally, it has facilitated communication between Indigenous Governments, allowing them to build relationships amongst themselves and approach Canada with common policy interests.
• In 2025-26, fiscal transfer payments of over $740 million were made to Indigenous signatories in support of their governance and program responsibilities supported under the new policy framework.
• The Collaborative Fiscal Policy Process also includes a shared focus on working towards closing socio-economic and wellness gaps. Tailored initiatives continue with on-going evaluation and reporting to assess progress.

Current Status

• As of September 2025, Canada has re-engaged with partners at the Collaborative Fiscal table to:
  • Review Canada's Collaborative Self-Government Fiscal Policy;
  • Continue work on social well-being and data indicators and taxation policy; and
  • Hold exploratory fiscal discussions on housing and economic development.
• Additionally, since January 2026, Canada has been working with partners to develop both short-term measures and a long term expenditure need approach for lands management.

Background

• Self-governing Indigenous Governments carry broader responsibilities than Indian Act bands and require stable, long-term, predictable funding to fulfill Treaty and self-government responsibilities.
• From 2016 to 2019, Canada and representatives from 25 self-governing Indigenous Governments worked together to co-develop Canada's Collaborative Self-Government Fiscal Policy.
• In 2019, the first co-developed expenditure need model for Governance and Administration was applied to 25 fiscal agreements at once, marking the first time agreements were renewed in parallel using a shared methodology.
• In 2022, a lifecycle funding approach for existing assets was adopted by Indigenous Governments. The approach, which funds a capital reserve over time, as opposed to being proposal-based, results in Indigenous governments having greater flexibility and the ability to better plan capital management activities over a longer time period.

Key Data Points

• The Indigenous Arts Collection contains 5,174 works valued at approximately $14.4 million.
• Since 2012, the Department has attributed $256,156 per year (on average) directly to the Indigenous Artists Community to purchase, exhibit or reproduce their artwork.
• Between 2018 and 2024, the Indigenous Art Centre worked with external partners to coordinate 124 loans to museums, galleries, and cultural Institutions, both nationally and internationally (i.e., U.S., Taiwan, Brazil and Norway), which featured 760 artworks from the Indigenous Art Collection.
• The Department has been conducting extensive follow-up work to account for the 132 items that were noted as "unaccounted-for" in the 2024 internal audit on the Indigenous Art Collection.
• The Department has attributed 11 as being duplicate records, 45 as reproductions and prints, and 3 as archival and reference materials of the 132 original unaccounted-for items.
• As of March 16, 2026, 115 items remain unaccounted-for (67 artworks, 25 prints, 20 reproductions, and 3 reference materials), most of which were acquired by regional offices prior to 1994.

Key Messages

• The Indigenous Art Collection is a living reflection of Indigenous identity, history, and creativity. The Government of Canada takes its responsibility for the care of the Collection seriously and has taken the necessary measures to protect and conserve the Collection.
• Through its external loan program, the Indigenous Art Centre partners with museums and galleries across Canada and internationally, ensuring that Indigenous voices, stories, creativity, perspectives, and artistic traditions are visible and accessible to the public.
• In 2017, the Department ended its loan program to its headquarters and regional offices, other federal departments, and Parliament on the basis that it exposed artwork to unnecessary risk. Approximately 90 per cent of the unaccounted for art pieces were acquired by regional offices prior to 1994.
• The 2024 internal audit of the Indigenous Art Collection confirmed that the 132 unaccounted-for items were not the result of theft or any ill-intent.
• The Department is committed to working towards accounting for these unaccounted-for items and has developed a workplan outlining a structured, risk-informed approach to validating the status of these works and for developing recommendations for each record, including potential deaccession where appropriate.
• The approach emphasizes due diligence and consistency with museum best practices. It prioritizes confirmation of potential duplicate records through provenance analysis, Collection Management System (CMS) validation, targeted outreach to Headquarters and Regional Offices, and off-site storage visits where required.
• Where deaccession is recommended, decisions will be subject to a future Indigenous led deaccession jury review, in accordance with articles 11 and 31 of UNDRIP.
• We acknowledge that the unaccounted-for pieces in the Indigenous Art Collection do not reflect that standard of care expected of the Department. All five audit recommendations were accepted and are being implemented to strengthen how artworks are collected, maintained preserved, and promoted.

Current Status

• In 2024, CIRNAC completed an internal audit of the Indigenous Art Collection to assess governance, oversight, and controls supporting the acquisition, preservation, protection, and promotion of Indigenous artworks.
• The audit confirmed that a professional inventory system and conservation partnerships are in place, but also identified the need to update policies, strengthen documentation and oversight of recordkeeping, and formalize third-party storage and contracting practices.
• The audit also noted that 132 items were documented as being "unaccounted for" within the Art Collection.
• On November 19, 2025, departmental officials spoke to the Standing Committee on Canadian Heritage on the results of the internal audit. The Department has since responded to the Committee's follow-up request for a list of all unaccounted artworks, examples of past loan agreements, and a timeline for the Department to contact affected artists and estates.
• As of, March 16, 2026, the Department has already confirmed 11 records as duplicate entries and located 6 items, leaving 115 items unaccounted-for. Further efforts are underway to locate the remaining unaccounted-for items.
• The Department has reached out to all affected artists and estates where contact information was available to inform them that artwork they, or their family member had created, is currently unaccounted-for. Contact has been made with 32 artists or estates connected to 47 of the artworks.
• An updated policy has been drafted and is in final approvals. The updated policy aligns roles, responsibilities, and accountabilities with the Treasury Board Directive on the Management of Materiel (2021) as well as reinforces departmental commitments to reconciliation and support for the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP).

Background

• Established in 1965, the Indigenous Art Centre supports the acquisition, preservation, protection, and promotion of contemporary Canadian Indigenous Art representing a diverse range of art forms from prominent, mid-career, and emerging First Nations, Métis, and Inuit artists.
• All works within the Collection are accessible to the public, upon request, through research inquiries, curatorial projects, and external loan programs to galleries, museums, and cultural centers, both nationally and internationally, for the purpose of exhibits.
• Since April 1, 2025, the Department has partnered with museums, galleries and cultural centres on 14 loans, comprised of 110 artworks from the Collection (and counting).
• In 2022, the Indigenous Art Centre relocated the Collection to a temporary Public Services and Procurement Canada storage facility located within the National Capital Region as the previous storage facility was going through renovations. The Indigenous Art Collection also stores a portion of the art at specialized third party storage facilities owned by private sector vendors.
• The current vault space meets RCMP secured storage requirements which includes access control, mesh in non-concrete walls, frame reinforcement of doors, security bars installed in HVAC duct work, and a 24/7 monitoring system that communicates with Departmental Security system.
• The Indigenous Art Centre implements articles 11 and 31 of UNDRIP, as they pertain to deaccession processes.
  • Article 11: Applies to an obligation to provide a mechanism (an Indigenous led deaccession jury) for Indigenous people's right to maintain and develop the past, present and future manifestations of their cultures in the form of visual arts.
  • Article 31: Applies to the effective measures our Department will take to recognize and protect Indigenous peoples' right to maintain, protect and control their cultural heritage and cultural expression, which includes the visual arts.