2024-25 Reporting on the Calls for Justice: 4.1 - 4.8: Human Security

This initiative responds to part of Call for Justice 4.1 by working to uphold the social and economic rights within Indigenous communities by providing services, housing and infrastructure that meet their needs. Through funding, ARCH supports best practices, tools, and services that contribute to preventing and reducing Indigenous homelessness. This includes improving accessibility to culturally appropriate supports and services tailored to the unique needs of Indigenous individuals and communities. Indigenous families, survivors and communities benefit from this program by gaining access to stable housing, culturally relevant support services, and coordinated efforts to prevent homelessness.

• Enhanced Indigenous supports: Helps to inform culturally appropriate homelessness prevention services. Enhancing access to Indigenous-led, trauma-informed housing services that respect traditional values and ways of knowing.
  • Example: $698,000 was allocated to Atlohsa Family Healing Services and the City of London to develop and test an Indigenous-led and -informed Coordinated Access System by improving coordination, building community support teams, and developing tailored tools, processes and training to meet the needs of Indigenous communities.
• Enhanced accessibility to culturally safe housing: Expanding low-barrier, Indigenous-led housing supports to reduce risks of homelessness and exploitation.
  • Example: $1.2 million was allocated to Medicine Hat Community Housing Society and Miywasin Friendship Centre together with other partners to create and pilot a supportive housing site for individuals experiencing chronic homelessness with complex needs, incorporating Indigenous perspectives and cultural supports, and building strong connections with the healthcare sector.
• System alignment: Helping to address systemic gaps by integrating and facilitating better coordination between housing services and health care, child welfare, and justice systems.
  • Example: $725,000 was allocated to the Saint John Human Development Council and Turning Leaf to explore alignment with the corrections system to prevent discharges into homelessness by improving case management practices for people transitioning out of the corrections system, putting more resources towards Indigenous programing, and piloting a systems navigator role to better support clients.

Budget 2022 allocated $11 million over three years, starting in 2023-24.

This initiative responds to part of Call for Justice 4.1 by funding territorial governments to support housing development, preservation, and upgrades. Indigenous families, survivors and communities are served by these investments to improve social and economic conditions in Indigenous communities across the North through increased access to safe housing, essential services and other critical infrastructure.

• Increased access to affordable housing: Funding supports construction of new public housing units for rural and remote communities, and development of additional housing for vulnerable populations.
  • Example: Funding allocated to the Government of Nunavut was used to expand and improve availability of social housing, including constructing new public housing units in remote Indigenous communities such as Coral Harbour and Pond Inlet.
• Improved housing infrastructure: Funding supports territorial investments in community-based housing projects and energy-efficient infrastructure, as well as major modernization and repair projects for existing social housing stock to ensure safety and longevity.
  • Example: Funding allocated to the Government of Nunavut was used toto expand and improve availability of social housing, including major mold remediation projects across Nunavut facilitating preservation of the existing units.
• Collaboration with Indigenous communities: Funding provided opportunities for territorial governments to work collaboratively with Indigenous communities, government and organizations to advance housing and infrastructure priorities.
  • Example: The Yukon Government used allocated funds to support the development of a mixed-use housing and health centre initiative in Old Crow, in collaboration with the Vuntut Gwitchin First Nation.

Budget 2022 provided $150 million over two years. $60 million has been allocated to Nunavut and Northwest Territories and $30 million to Yukon. Of these funds, a minimum of 60% must be directed toward housing, and the remainder can be directed to infrastructure. 

The CHIF responds to Call for Justice 4.1 by funding modernized, expanded, improved critical infrastructure projects that meet the social and economic needs of Indigenous people and their communities through better living conditions, safe drinking water, and essential waste management services. Indigenous families, survivors and communities benefit from this program by gaining access to sustainable housing infrastructure that supports their health, well-being, and long-term community stability.

• Improved living conditions: Investment in clean drinking water, wastewater, and waste management enhances public health.
• Housing expansion: Increased infrastructure capacity enables the construction of more housing units.
• Indigenous community support: Dedicated funding ensures targeted improvements in Indigenous housing infrastructure.

The CHIF is a $6 billion federal investment designed to support housing-enabling infrastructure across Canada over a ten-year period from 2024/2025 to 2033/2034. The fund is structured to ensure long-term financial support for infrastructure projects that enhance housing supply and sustainability. The program prioritizes Indigenous-led projects and requires provinces and territories to allocate at least 20% of their funding to Indigenous, rural and northern communities. The funding is available to a range of eligible recipients, including Indigenous governing bodies, development corporations, non-profit organizations focused on Indigenous well-being, municipalities, and provincial and territorial governments. By mandating targeted minimum allocations in both streams, CHIF ensures that historically underserved communities receive the infrastructure investments needed to improve housing conditions and support long-term community stability.

Collectively, the Harvesters Support Grant and Community Food Programs Fund contribute to strengthening Indigenous governance and organizational capacity, reducing reliance on store-bought food, and enhancing food security within local communities. Together, they play a critical role in revitalizing traditional food practices, supporting self-determined approaches to food sovereignty, and reinforcing Indigenous cultural continuity.

The Harvesters Support Grant and Community Food Programs Fund funds a wide range of hunting and harvesting initiatives, and has supported over 15,000 traditional harvesters, with more than 700 new food-sharing initiatives and 400 community hunts and harvests taking place in over 112 remote communities, in partnership with 24 Indigenous governments and organizations. New partnerships are resulting in innovative supply networks, increased access to country food, and the creation of low-cost food options that complement and inspire the restoration of traditional practices. A comprehensive list of funding recipients is also publicly available.

The specific impacts and project details for each initiative remain with the funding recipients. Detailed examples are not provided in this report due to the autonomous and community-led nature of project implementation. This approach aligns with the principle of self-determination, ensuring that Indigenous governance structures have full authority over decision-making processes.

The Harvesters Support Grant and Community Food Programs Fund respond to part of Call for Justice 4.1 by supporting projects that strengthen community food security and increase the availability and accessibility of local, nutritious, and culturally appropriate food. These initiatives ensure that Indigenous governments and organizations can decide how best to meet their food needs, promoting community-driven food sovereignty. Indigenous families, survivors and communities benefit through greater access to traditional foods, enhanced food security, and the preservation of Indigenous harvesting and sharing practices.

• Increased food security: Funds traditional harvesting, food production, and food sharing initiatives.
• Supporting traditional practices: Encourages the revitalization of Indigenous harvesting and food sharing customs. Strengthens Indigenous food systems and respects traditional hunting and harvesting rights.
• Self-determination: Enables Indigenous communities to design and implement food security solutions that align with their needs and cultural traditions.

Budget 2024 allocated $96.7 million to the Harvesters Support Grant and Community Food Programs Fund (HSG/CFPF) for the 2024–2027 funding cycle. In addition, there is an ongoing annual budget of $8 million, totaling $24 million through 2027. Together, this brings the total investment in the HSG/CFPF programs over the three-year period to $120.7 million ($118.4 million has already been allocated, with the remainder in progress).

The NNC program only accessed Budget 2021 funding starting in 2022, which required compressing two years of funding into $72.5 million for 2022–23 and $40.2 million for 2023–24 (including the ongoing $8 million per year).

Overall, from 2019 to 2027, a total of $255.1 million has been invested in HSG/CFPF programs. This includes $64 million in ongoing funding (based on $8 million per year from 2019 to 2027), along with an additional $191.1 million investments over the eight-year period.

Budget 2024 provided $241.7 million over three years, beginning in 2024-25 to build or renovate health facilities, including to support the Virtual Health Hub led by the Saskatchewan Indian Institute of Technologies.

On March 5, 2025, a groundbreaking ceremony took place, and construction began on the Mercury Care Home and Wellness Centre in Grassy Narrows First Nations. The approximately 6,500 square metre Mercury Care Home will provide modern, specialized care in a facility designed to incorporate culture and tradition into healing. Once complete, the home will offer primary and long-term care services for members of the community affected by mercury exposure.

A key feature of the 2024–25 work plan includes support for innovative, community-led models of care, such as the Virtual Health Hub in Saskatchewan, which combines cutting-edge virtual care technologies, AI, and robotic systems with local healthcare teams to help care for patients in a timely and cost-efficient manner, as well as concurrently increase the number of Indigenous and non-Indigenous healthcare professionals and technologists trained to work in virtual healthcare.

The initiative responds to Call for Justice 4.1 by investing in health infrastructure development in Indigenous communities. These capital investments are critical to improving access to primary and preventative care, mental wellness supports, and culturally safe health services.

Indigenous families, survivors and communities benefit from improved access to trauma-informed, safe, and reliable health care environments. By supporting both physical spaces and virtual care delivery, the initiative ensures that Indigenous communities are not left behind in health system modernization.

• Expands health access: Supports timely access to quality care through improved facilities.
• Community-led design: Aligns infrastructure development with Indigenous needs and values.
• Supports innovation: Includes investment in digital health services like the Virtual Health Hub.
• Enhances emergency readiness: Enables facilities to respond to crises and trauma-informed needs.
• Promotes cultural safety: Ensures spaces reflect Indigenous languages, customs, and healing practices.

Budget 2024 committed $241.7 million over three years (2024–25 to 2026–27) to build or renovate health facilities, including the Virtual Health Hub led by the Saskatchewan Indian Institute of Technologies, and the Weeneebayko Area Health Authority Hospital complex, and the Mercury Health Care and Wellness Centre in Grassy Narrows. Funding is being used to support infrastructure priorities informed by a needs-based prioritization framework that identifies where the next investment may be required.

The LFIF responds to part of Call for Justice 4.1 by investing in infrastructure that supports the social and economic needs of Indigenous women, girls and 2SLGBTQI+ people, including critical infrastructure that supports food security and other human rights. The LFIF invests in community-led capacity building and addressing systemic barriers to food security and empowering Indigenous communities to take ownership of their local food systems.

• Enhancing community food security: Directly increases the availability of nutritious food in Indigenous communities, reducing reliance on external food sources. Funds greenhouses, community gardens, food storage facilities, and other infrastructure and equipment.
  • Example:  In 2024-25, $76,997 was allocated to the Buffalo Point First Nation for the purchase of a greenhouse and supplies to grow local produce to distribute to vulnerable community members.
• Supporting Indigenous food sovereignty: Supports Indigenous communities that are working to revitalize traditional food practices. Supports community-based projects that maintain Indigenous food systems (hunting, fishing, traditional agriculture) by prioritizing culturally appropriate food production.
  • Example: In 2024-25, $80,832 was allocated to Ginoogaming First Nation to purchase a walk behind tractor with tilling attachment, garden fencing, gardening tools and supplies, watering systems, chicken coop, canning equipment, fishing boats and fishing gear, composters, kitchen utensils, storage equipment, refrigerator, and a freezer.
• Creating sustainable food solutions: Supports Indigenous communities as they increase their self-sufficient food supplies. Funds projects that improve communities' food production infrastructure.
  • Example: In 2023-24, $108,351 was allocated to Buffalo Narrows Friendship Centre for the purchase of kitchen equipment to double the capacity of the community kitchen and garden infrastructure to allow the community to plant and grow their own food.
• Building economic resilience: Invests in local food economies, critical factors in strengthening the economic security of Indigenous women, girls, and 2SLGBTQI+ people. Supports large-scale projects that yield opportunities for employment, training, and skills development in local food production and distribution.
  • Example: In 2022-23, $208,400 over two years was allocated to Sapotaweyak Cree Nation for the purchase and installation of a hydroponic farm, and processing unit to grow and distribute food in the community.

To date of the total funding envelope of $112.7 million, the LFIF has committed $71 million to nearly 1,200 projects, with over a third of funded recipients who self-identified as Indigenous.

The ICIF – Métis Component responds to part of Call for Justice 4.1 by investing in Métis-led infrastructure projects that support access to community transition facilities, safe housing, and adequate facilities for their communities. These infrastructure investments help address the social and economic needs, priorities, and rights of Métis women, girls, and 2SLGBTQI+ people. Métis families, survivors, and communities benefit from this program as its investments translate into access to safe, modernized infrastructure that enhances community well-being, safety and long-term sustainability.

• Essential infrastructure development: Funds a range of other infrastructure projects, including shelters, half-way homes and transitional facilities in Métis communities, and creates safe, sustainable, and supportive environments for Métis women, youth, and elders while enhancing their economic and social well-being.
• Safe and reliable housing: Funds Métis-led housing solutions, including new constructions and renovation of existing units, and improves living conditions for Métis women, youth, and elders while reducing their vulnerabilities to gender-based violence, poverty and homelessness.

The ICIF – Métis Component provides flexible distinctions-based funding to Métis governments and the Metis Settlements General Council to allocate resources in response to community-identified priorities. As a result, the specific impacts and project details remain with the funding recipients, who determine how best to meet the infrastructure needs in their communities.

Funding has been allocated to support critical infrastructure projects and respond to the housing needs of the communities, with investments made in housing repairs and renovations, and improvements to community gathering spaces. Detailed examples are not provided in this report due to the autonomous and community-led nature of project implementation. This approach aligns with the principle of self-determination, ensuring that Métis governance structures have full authority over decision-making processes.

Budget 2021 allocated $200 million to five Métis governments and $40 million to the Metis Settlements General Council, prioritizing housing initiatives. Funding is administered with flexibility, to enable Métis governments to tailor investments to their communities' specific housing needs.

The Distinctions-based Housing Initiative's Inuit Housing Investment responds to Call for Justice 4.1 by upholding the social and economic rights of Inuit, ensuring access to safe and adequate housing. By empowering Inuit Treaty Organizations to manage housing prioritization and decisions independently, the initiative directly addresses the housing needs defined by Inuit communities themselves. Inuit families, survivors, and communities benefit from greater housing stability, healthier living conditions, and strengthened community self-determination, promoting overall well-being and security.

• Improved housing infrastructure: Targeting the construction of 60 new Inuit housing units by March 31, 2025, providing safe, suitable homes for Inuit families.
• Enhanced living conditions: Investing in extensive renovations and repairs of existing housing, significantly improving safety, energy efficiency, and the health of community members.
• Cultural relevance and safety: Inuit-led housing prioritization and design ensure housing solutions are culturally appropriate, respectful of Inuit traditions and lifestyle.
• Economic empowerment: Investment in community-driven housing projects fosters local employment and skills development, boosting economic activity within Inuit Nunangat.

Funding has been allocated to support critical infrastructure projects and respond to the housing needs of the communities, by investing in the construction and purchase of new housing units, renovation of existing housing units, and subsidized rent. Detailed examples are not provided in this report due to the autonomous and community-led nature of project implementation. This approach aligns with the principle of self-determination, ensuring that Inuit governance structures have full authority over decision-making processes.

Budget 2023 allocated $845 million specifically for Inuit Treaty Organizations, guided by the Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami Board of Directors' regional distribution decisions. This targeted approach ensures that funding is responsive to the unique housing needs and priorities established by Inuit communities, facilitating measurable improvements in housing conditions across Inuit Nunangat. The funding supports both new housing construction and critical repairs, impacting thousands of Inuit community members across the region.

The Distinctions-based Housing Initiative's Métis Housing Investment responds to Call for Justice 4.1 by investing in Métis-led housing projects that are designed to meet Métis-determined needs and priorities. The funding programs support access to safe, secure, sustainable, and culturally appropriate housing, and contribute to Métis people's social and economic well-being. Métis families, survivors, and communities benefit from increased housing stability, reduced homelessness, and strengthened self-determination in housing decisions.

• Safe and adequate housing: Increased access to safe and affordable housing for Métis communities. Construction and renovation of 1,865 new units, directly addressing urgent housing needs in Métis communities.
• Improved living conditions: Improved energy efficiency and longevity of existing housing.  Renovations completed on 6,524 dwellings, leading to healthier, safer living environments.
• Economic empowerment: Support for economic and social stability through improved housing access. Providing down payment assistance for homeownership to 2,118 families, enhancing economic security and independence. Rent subsidies provided to 10,933 families, reducing housing insecurity and financial stress.
• Indigenous-led housing projects: Construction of new housing that aligns with Métis-led design and priorities resulting in culturally appropriate housing solutions aligned with local needs. Strengthened self-determination through Métis governance of housing programs.

Funding has been allocated to support critical infrastructure projects and respond to the housing needs of the communities, by investing in the construction and purchase of new housing units, renovation of existing housing units, and subsidized rent. Detailed examples are not provided in this report due to the autonomous and community-led nature of project implementation. This approach aligns with the principle of self-determination, providing Métis governance structures with authority over decision-making processes.

Through ongoing investments, Métis organizations have received targeted and distinctions-based housing investments. Budget 2022 expanded funding to additional Métis partners (i.e., Metis Settlements in Alberta and Métis in the Northwest Territories), and Budget 2023 included the Urban, Rural, and Northern Indigenous Housing Strategy. As of March 2024, these funding investments have directly impacted thousands of Métis individuals and families through improved housing and economic support measures.

The NHS responds to Call for Justice 4.1 by prioritizing culturally relevant housing programs that meet the social, economic, and geographic needs of Indigenous communities. By focusing on Indigenous-led solutions and long-term funding, the strategy helps break the cycle of inadequate housing conditions and supports sustainable community development. Indigenous families, survivors and communities benefit from safe, stable housing that, in turn, supports their economic opportunity and social well-being.

• Community-led, self-governed housing solutions: First Nations, Inuit, and Métis self-determined policies, including Indigenous-led housing initiatives and Métis governance of shelters and transitional housing.
• Expanded safe housing access: Funding for new construction of homes, multi-unit dwellings, and community-led housing projects, and for upgrades and repairs to ensure existing housing stock meets safety, sustainability, and accessibility standards.
• Expansion of emergency and transitional shelters: Committed $336.78 million through the Indigenous Shelter and Transitional Housing Initiative towards the construction of 37 new shelters and 34 new transitional homes for Indigenous women, families, and 2SLGBTQI+ individuals.
• Prioritizing vulnerable populations: Safe, stable housing for women, children, seniors, and those at risk of homelessness, domestic violence, and human trafficking.
• Long-term housing and economic security: Investments in transitional and second-stage housing, rental assistance, and affordable housing for low-income Indigenous families.
• Preventing family separation and child welfare Interventions: Housing programs that provide stability for Indigenous families, reducing the risk of child apprehension due to poverty, overcrowding, or unsafe living conditions.
• 2SLGBTQI+ inclusive housing solutions: Culturally informed shelters, affordable housing, and advocacy for 2SLGBTQI+ individuals facing housing insecurity.

The Reaching Home initiative responds to part of Call for Justice 4.1 by providing dedicated funding for culturally appropriate services that seek to prevent and reduce Indigenous homelessness, including through co-developed distinctions-based plans to address critical infrastructure gaps and to improve socio-economic conditions for Indigenous women, girls and Two-Spirit people. This includes access to economic, social and community integration services such as services to connect individuals and families to income benefits, financial assistance, employment services, education and training programs, and connecting with Indigenous Elders, culture and language. Through the Distinctions-based Approaches stream, funding is allocated to First Nations, Inuit, and Métis organizations to develop targeted solutions.

• Community-driven, culturally relevant approach: Funding decisions are made locally, prioritizing Indigenous-led initiatives that incorporate traditional knowledge, healing practices, and language supports.
• Holistic housing solutions: Investments in emergency shelters, transitional housing, and long-term housing security for vulnerable populations, including Indigenous women, girls, 2SLGBTQI+ individuals, and families fleeing violence.
• Economic and social empowerment: Programs connect individuals to income supports, employment services, and education, reducing poverty-related risks and supporting self-sufficiency.
• Family and child welfare support: Indigenous-led programs can strengthen family unity, prevent child welfare interventions, and provide culturally appropriate services to keep families together.
• Inclusive and culturally responsive services: Reaching Home can be used to fund wraparound supports, including culturally appropriate services and connection with community (e.g. cultural ceremonies, traditional healing, services provided by Elders and Indigenous language and culture classes).
• Infrastructure and capacity development: Sustainable investments in housing, support services, and safe spaces.
• Targeted investments for vulnerable populations: Reaching Home funded communities are encouraged to prioritize vulnerable populations including Indigenous women, girls, 2SLGBTQI+ people, and families fleeing violence.

In 2024-2025, $110 million was allocated to the Indigenous Homelessness stream and $62.1 million to the Distinctions-based Approaches stream. This includes dedicated funding for Indigenous-led homelessness programming that can support a range of services, support and resources for wrap around services, emergency housing, prevention services, and long-term housing solutions.

This initiative responds to part of Call for Justice 4.1 by providing funds directly to Self-Governing and Modern Treaty First Nations, granting them autonomy to direct expenditures to meet housing and infrastructure needs according to their own community-defined priorities. CIRNAC does not exercise direct oversight of expenditures, thereby upholding the communities' rights to self-determination. Families, survivors, and Self-Governing and Modern Treaty First Nations communities benefit directly from increased autonomy over housing, enhancing safety, dignity, and stability in their daily lives, and facilitating community-driven solutions that effectively address unique community needs and priorities.

• Safe and accessible housing: Increased availability of safe, affordable, culturally appropriate, and geographically suitable housing directly addresses immediate safety needs and reduces vulnerability to violence.
• Enhanced living conditions: Significant investment in renovations and repairs of existing housing improves physical safety, energy efficiency, and the overall health of community members.
• Economic stability and resilience: Increased economic security through addressing housing insecurity, poverty reduction, and promoting sustainable economic development, thus enhancing long-term economic resilience.
• Self-determination and community empowerment: Strengthened autonomy through First Nation-led decision-making processes in housing and services, enabling communities to set their own priorities according to local needs and aspirations.

Funding has been allocated to support critical infrastructure projects and respond to the housing needs of the communities, by investing in the construction and purchase of new housing units, renovation of existing housing units, and subsidized rent. Detailed examples are not provided in this report due to the autonomous and community-led nature of project implementation. This approach aligns with the principle of self-determination, ensuring that Self-Governing and Modern Treaty First Nations retain full authority over decision-making processes.

Through targeted fiscal transfers, Self-Governing and Modern Treaty First Nations receive dedicated funding that is consistent with the agreements in place, aligning with their self-determined priorities. In 2024-25, a total amount of $129,167,319 has been transferred, and funding for the fiscal year has been fully delivered. Comprehensive final reporting expected from partners in the fiscal year 2027-28.

2024-25 marks Year 3 of the five- year Adult Education investment made through Budget 2021. ISC continued support for First Nations adult learners on reserve and in the North to prepare for, complete, or upgrade their secondary education. Engagement with partners is ongoing, to update guidelines, FAQs/Q&As, and DCIs, as appropriate; and, to continue to promote the activities eligible under the investment and seek out success stories and best practices at the community level.   

The implementation of programming that supports Adult Education for First Nations on reserve and in the North responds to Call for Justice 4.2 by providing critical funding and resources that enable Indigenous women and 2SLGBTQI+ adults on reserve and in the North to complete, prepare for, or upgrade their secondary education. This funding supports First Nations control of education, in alignment with recognizing First Nations' right to self-determination in pursuit of economic and social development, ensures access to educational opportunities, and strengthens local self-sufficiency and economic security.

• Increased access to education: Enables First Nations adult learners on reserve and in the North to complete, prepare for, or upgrade their secondary education.
• Enhanced educational flexibility: Supports the use of post-secondary education funding mechanisms to facilitate program expansion through Indigenous Institutes, and provides additional pathways for adult learners to continue their education (including increasing the development of and access to adult-specific secondary programming, as well as Remedial/Adult Basic Education/Literacy and Basic Skills programming).
• Support for Indigenous-led education: Empowers First Nations to control and design educational programming tailored to their communities' cultural and academic needs.
• Wraparound student supports: Provides incremental financial and logistical supports to help students overcome barriers to education, including those related to transportation and mental health.

Budget 2021 announced $350 million over five years to ensure all First Nations across the country have access to supports for adult education regardless of provincial levels of support.

The entire 2024-25 allocation (total amount of $60,778,335) was distributed to recipients in support of Adult Education programming.

Funding through Budget 2024 to continue supporting First Nations students through the Post-Secondary Student Support Program.

The First Nations Post-Secondary Education (PSE) Strategy responds to part of Call for Justice 4.2 by supporting First Nations self-determination in the pursuit of economic and social development. By investing in post-secondary education for First Nations students, the Strategy enables First Nations learners to develop skills, increase their earning potential, and contribute to community-driven economic growth. The First Nations PSE Strategy also supports First Nations control of First Nations education through enabling First Nations communities to provide funding to their students, institutions, and community-based education.

First Nations communities benefit from the First Nations PSE Strategy through increased access to education, strengthened self-determination, and investments that promote healing, community wellness, and long-term development.

For First Nations communities, the Strategy provides funding to support educational opportunities that reflect their values, languages, and knowledge systems. It also strengthens institutional capacity and supports economic development. For families, the Strategy reduces financial barriers through tuition and living supports, enabling many parents, caregivers, and youth to pursue education without compromising basic needs.

• Increased economic independence: By supporting post-secondary education, the Strategy strengthens First Nations individuals' ability to secure stable, well-paying employment.
• Supporting First Nations control: Supporting First Nations communities to provide their students with funding to access educational opportunities, as well as providing funding for First Nations-directed support for First Nations-established institutions and community-based programming, is consistent with the principle of First Nations control of First Nations education.
• Support for First Nations-controlled institutions: Funding for First Nations-controlled post-secondary institutions enhances First Nations control over education and knowledge production.

In addition to historical allocations, Budget 2024 added $242.7 million over three years, to support access to post-secondary education for First Nations students through the Post-Secondary Student Support Program. The total annual allocation for the First Nations PSE Strategy in 2024-25 was $461.7 million, of which $367.2 million was for Post-Secondary Student Support Program, $22.1 million for Post-Secondary Partnerships Program, and $72.3 million in time-limited Budget 2024 investments in Post-Secondary Student Support Program/University and College Entrance Preparation Program. This funding is divided among ISC regions using defined allocation methodologies, and distributed to First Nations recipients by ISC regional offices.

As of December 2024, the overall program impact across all Indigenous participants includes:

• Over 31,600 Indigenous individuals accessed ISET-supported training, skills development opportunities, and wrap around supports such as child care.
  • This includes 16,085 Indigenous women, reflecting the program's strong emphasis on reducing barriers for women to participate in the labour market.
• Over 11,800 individuals gained employment following participation in ISET-funded programming.
  • Of these, 5,443 were women, demonstrating the program's effectiveness in supporting economic empowerment and advancing gender equity.
• Over 4,800 individuals returned to school for further training or education as part of their career development journey.
  • This includes 2,811 women, many of whom accessed academic upgrading or post-secondary education supports provided through ISET.

As of December 2024, the distinction-based program impact for Métis participants includes:

• Over 6,500 Métis participants received training, and employment supports tailored to their community's priorities and regional labour market needs.
  • Among these, 1,699 were Métis women, highlighting the importance of culturally relevant and accessible programming for Métis women's advancement.
• Over 2,400 Métis participants secured employment following ISET-supported programming.
  • This includes 1,413 Métis women, reflecting progress in addressing employment gaps for Métis women across Canada.
• Over 2,200 Métis individuals returned to school to pursue further education and training.
  • 1,424 were women, illustrating strong uptake of educational supports and a growing interest in long-term career development pathways among Métis women.

As a co-developed program, the ISET Program responds to part of Call for Justice 4.2 by supporting Indigenous Peoples' right to self-determination in pursuit of economic and social development. Through stable, long-term, and distinctions-based funding, the program enables Indigenous service delivery organizations to design and implement training and employment services that reflect the unique priorities of their communities. The inclusion of wrap around supports—such as child care and mental health services—helps reduce systemic barriers faced by Indigenous women and 2SLGBTQI+ individuals, creating safer and more accessible pathways to healing, education, and meaningful employment. By investing in Indigenous-led solutions and promoting economic empowerment, the ISET Program advances long-term well-being, strengthens community capacity, and contributes to the broader goal of reconciliation and gender justice.

Indigenous families, survivors and communities benefit from the ISET Program through increased access to healing-informed, culturally grounded employment and training supports that foster long-term safety, stability, and well-being. By reducing barriers to economic participation—particularly for Indigenous women and 2SLGBTQI+ individuals—the program helps families achieve financial independence and stability, which are critical to healing from trauma and violence. Survivors are supported in reclaiming control over their futures through meaningful career paths and access to education. Indigenous communities benefit from the strengthened capacity of local organizations to deliver self-determined services, the revitalization of community economies, and the intergenerational impacts of education and employment.

• Reduces barriers for Indigenous women and 2SLGBTQI+ people: Provides wrap around supports—such as child care, mental health services, and transportation. Helps address systemic barriers, enabling safer and more equitable access to education, healing, and employment opportunities.
• Promotes healing, safety, and stability through economic empowerment: Provides access to meaningful employment and education supports financial independence, which is a critical factor in preventing violence, supporting healing from trauma, and promoting long-term well-being for survivors, families, and communities.
• Supports Indigenous self-determination and community-led solutions: Funds Indigenous organizations to design and deliver culturally grounded services. Respects and strengthens Indigenous control over employment and healing pathways.
• Enhances access to education and skills development: Supports academic upgrading and post-secondary pathways. Enables participants to build confidence, pursue long-term goals, and strengthen their roles within families and communities.
• Provides long-term, predictable investment in Indigenous communities: Offers stable, responsive, and innovative services by providing ten-year, distinctions-based funding agreements.

The ISET Program was established through Budget 2018 with an initial investment of $2 billion over five years (2019–24) to support distinctions-based, Indigenous-led employment and training services. The program delivers ongoing, predictable annual funding of $408.2 million from 2024 onward.

Funding is allocated on a distinctions basis, ensuring tailored support for:

• First Nations: $1.1 billion over five years; $235.7 million annually ongoing.
• Inuit: $161.2 million over five years; $32.6 million annually ongoing.
• Métis: $325 million over five years; $67 million annually ongoing.
• Urban/Non-affiliated Indigenous Peoples: $213.4 million over five years; $45.2 million annually ongoing.

To address long-standing service gaps, the ISET Program created a dedicated Urban/Non-affiliated stream—supporting access to employment and training services for Indigenous Peoples living out of territory or in urban centres.

The program provides ten-year funding agreements (April 2019 to March 2029) to increase flexibility, planning capacity, and long-term impact for Indigenous service delivery organizations. Since its launch, over $2 billion has been allocated, including a one-time investment of $144.2 million in 2021–22 to support pandemic recovery.

• Released on April 22, 2025, in NACCA's 2023-24 Annual Report, IWE approved 156 microloans valued at $2.7 million in fiscal year 2023-24.
• Fiscal year 2024-25 reporting is unavailable at this time.

The IWE responds to Call for Justice 4.2 by upholding the right to self-determination for Indigenous women in their pursuit of economic and social development. By delivering gender-specific, culturally appropriate tools and resources, the program directly addresses systemic inequities in entrepreneurship and access to financial capital. It provides Indigenous women with the necessary supports to build sustainable businesses, strengthening families and contributing to community prosperity. Indigenous families, survivors and communities benefit from this program as it cultivates economic independence, self-sufficiency, and long-term prosperity, and works to ensure that Indigenous women have the resources they need to thrive.

• Expanded economic opportunities: Providing direct access to business training, networking, and financial support. Increased access to capital and financial resources helps Indigenous women control their own economic futures.
• Reduction of barriers to economic participation: Addressing gaps in access to capital and mentorship. Provision of micro-loans allows Indigenous women to start their businesses without relying on traditional banking systems that often impose barriers.
• Promoting long-term, sustainable growth: Providing ongoing access to business training and dedicated support and mentorship, ensuring Indigenous women have the tools to build generational wealth. Reduction of economic marginalization equips Indigenous women with the skills to sustain and expand their businesses over time.
• Support for community development: Empowering Indigenous women to contribute to local economies by creating businesses that meet local and cultural needs.

The Indigenous Women's Entrepreneurship Program is funded through Indigenous Services Canada and NACCA, with financial resources allocated to participating Indigenous Financial Institutions and Métis Capital Corporations. The program operates on a nationwide basis, ensuring accessibility to Indigenous women in rural, remote, and urban settings. Initial funding was provided through Budget 2021 ($22 million over three years). Budget 2024 included funding for the IWE under the broader Aboriginal Entrepreneurship Program funding, managed by NACCA. The amount dedicated to the IWE is at the discretion of NACCA and will be based on demand and other factors.

• Implementation of the Inuit PSE Strategy continues through Inuit-designated regional delivery partners to support students, programs and services, community engagement and governance or national coordination.
• ISC works with partners to update Terms and Conditions to ensure continued relevance and responsiveness.

The Inuit PSE Strategy responds to part of Call for Justice 4.2 by supporting Inuit self-determination in education and advancing regionally delivered, distinctions-based PSE programming that contributes to long-term social and economic development. By investing in Inuit PSE, the Strategy strengthens local capacity, promotes economic opportunity, and affirms Inuit identity.

Inuit post-secondary students, community and education organizations, regional service providers and post-secondary institutions all benefit from this Strategy that provides Inuit students with improved access to post-secondary educational opportunities, contributing to higher employment rates, economic growth, and strengthened Inuit governance.

• Inuit-controlled education funding: Ensures that funding is allocated directly to Inuit governing bodies for distribution based on regional needs.
• Economic empowerment: Supports post-secondary education, leading to improved job prospects and financial security for Inuit graduates.
• Community development: Strengthens local economies by increasing the number of Inuit professionals contributing to various sectors.

Budget 2019 provided $125.5 million over ten years (2019-29), plus $21.8 million in ongoing funding, to support the Inuit PSE Strategy. The total annual allocation for the Inuit PSE Strategy in 2024-25 was approximately $14.1 million which was distributed to the ITK and Inuit land-claim organizations based on the allocated methodologies determined by the ITK Board of Directors.

• Continued delivery of the Métis Nation PSE Strategy through Métis Nation partners providing direct student aid, funding for programs and services, and support for education governance capacity.
• ISC started work with partners to update the Métis Nation PSE Strategy Terms and Conditions in line with current needs.

The Métis Nation PSE Strategy responds to part of Call for Justice 4.2 by supporting the principle of Métis Nation self-determination in education and the social and economic development of Métis Nation communities through post-secondary education. By ensuring that Métis Nation partners control the design, delivery, and oversight of the strategy, the program recognizes and supports Métis Nation control of Métis Nation education.

Métis Nation students, families and communities benefit from this program through increased access to culturally relevant education opportunities that support economic independence and long-term community well-being.

• Economic self-determination: Providing direct, ongoing, and distinctions-based funding to Métis Nation recipients to design and deliver post-secondary supports based on regional needs and priorities.
• Increased educational attainment: Direct financial assistance helps close the post-secondary education attainment gap between Métis Nation and non-Indigenous students. Student success is supported through financial supports for tuition and living expenses as well as culturally grounded wraparound services like counselling, mentorship, and tutoring.
• Strengthened Métis Nation education governance: Supports capacity-building within Métis Nation recipients to develop and oversee culturally relevant education content (curricula). Investments in governance capacity support Métis Nation partners' abilities to manage service delivery and track education data within their own communities.

To implement the Métis Nation PSE Strategy, Budget 2019 announced $362 million over ten years, with $40 million ongoing. The funding is distributed annually to Métis Nation recipients, supporting a distinctions-based approach to education that meets the specific needs of Métis Nation youth. The total annual allocation for the Métis Nation PSE Strategy in 2024-25 was approximately $39.8 million, which was distributed to Métis Nation recipients, including Métis Nation British Columbia, Métis Nation-Saskatchewan, Otipemisiwak Métis Government (formerly Métis Nation of Alberta), Métis Nation of Ontario, Manitoba Métis Federation, and Métis National Council.

National co-development efforts

• Continued advancing the co-development and implementation of improvements to the On-Reserve Income Assistance Program in partnership with First Nations.
• Participated in a long-standing, bi-weekly co-development working group with the Assembly of First Nations (AFN), focusing on the implementation of program investments.
• The AFN Technical Working Group on Social Development (TWGSD) served as a key advisory body, representing regional perspectives and supporting implementation efforts.

Regional collaboration and implementation support

• Collaborated with regionally mandated First Nations organizations and funding recipients to ensure programming remains responsive to community needs.

Engagement with Maritime First Nations

• In the Atlantic region, ISC worked with:
  • Mi'gmaq and Wolastoqiyik Social Development Support Lodge
  • Ta'n Etli-tpi'tmk Association
  • Abegweit and Lennox Island First Nations (Prince Edward Island)
• These partnerships supported First Nations-led research, planning, and implementation of governed systems for enhanced social program delivery in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island.

The On-Reserve Income Assistance program responds to part of Call for Justice 4.2 by recognizing and addressing the economic marginalization of Indigenous Peoples through financial supports that meet the fundamental needs of individuals and families. By ensuring access to income security, the program upholds the right to social and economic well-being for Indigenous communities. Furthermore, the program acknowledges the principle of self-determination by engaging in co-development efforts with First Nations partners to reform and enhance the initiative to better serve community needs. Indigenous families, survivors and communities benefit from this program as it provides essential financial stability and fosters opportunities for economic self-sufficiency.

• Improved economic security: Provides direct financial support to individuals and families, reducing economic hardships.
• Access to basic needs: Ensures recipients can afford essential items such as food, clothing, housing, and utilities.
• Enhanced self-sufficiency: Offers case management and pre-employment supports to help individuals transition to education and employment.
• First Nations-led service delivery: Funding is administered by First Nation communities, supporting self-governance in social services.

From 2018 to 2020, $8.5 million supported a First Nations-led engagement process to understand how to make the IA program more responsive to the needs of individuals and families on reserve. It identified supports required to help individuals better transition from IA to employment and education, and laid the foundation for innovation in program design, emphasizing distinctions-based approaches that respect Indigenous jurisdiction over social services, which informed the work that took place in 2024-25.

The program is delivered by First Nations, Tribal Councils, and Indigenous organizations through funding agreements with ISC. In Ontario, it operates under the 1965 Canada-Ontario Memorandum of Agreement Respecting Welfare Programs for Indians (1965 Agreement), which reimburses the province for eligible expenditures. In 2024–25, the program received $1.25 billion in permanent funding, with an additional $575.5 million allocated in Budget 2024 to support program integrity over a five-year period with $115.1 million being provided on-going after the five years.

• Following the input provided by an advisory committee comprised of First Nation, Metis and Inuit advocates and victim services providers, stakeholders, and partners, Justice Canada launched the SIVC initiative in 2024-25, with an open call for proposals (CFP).
• Following the open CFP, 42 projects were approved for funding over five years starting in 2025-26.

The SIVC initiative responds to Call for Justice 4.3 by funding Indigenous-led programs that promote the safety and security of Indigenous women, girls, and 2SLGBTQI+ persons engaged in the sex industry. The initiative supports and expands the development of culturally relevant supports designed and delivered in partnership with those who have lived experience. Indigenous families, survivors and communities benefit by having access to stable, long-term funding for safety and victim services that respect Indigenous perspectives and realities.

• Culturally safe supports: Expands access to Indigenous-led services tailored to the specific needs of those in the sex industry.
• Harm reduction and safety: Provides safe spaces and resources that promote well-being and security.
• Long-term funding stability: Ensures sustained investment in programs that uplift and protect Indigenous victims and survivors.

Budget 2023 allocated $38.6 million over five years (2023–28), with $8 million ongoing. Through these investments, the federal government has committed to expand and strengthen Indigenous-led victim services, and to support partnerships to increase access to justice for Indigenous victims and survivors of crime within the criminal justice system. Ongoing federal funding ensures that Indigenous organizations can continue to deliver culturally relevant, community-based victim support services and build partnerships with others working in the justice system to better support victims and survivors. In 2024-25, just over $3.5 million was approved to support Indigenous-led approaches to support Indigenous victims and survivors of crime.

As of March 2024, in its fourth year of implementation, Indigenous Service Canada continues to implement this investment on an ongoing basis and engage with regions and First Nations partners to discuss lessons learned from early implementation of before- and after-school programming and direction/expectations for the future.

The Before- And After-School Program funding responds to Call for Justice 4.4 by providing at a minimum, funding that is based on what students receive in provincial schools, plus adaptations and additional national common investments, including before- and after-school programming. First Nation families, survivors and communities may benefit from before- and after-school programming as it is expected to support parents and primary caregivers in balancing work and family and could also reduce barriers by providing more opportunities for young parents to attend school or enter and remain in the workforce.

• First Nations on reserve students participate and progress in their elementary and secondary education
• Education services and resources better reflect student needs, culture and language.

Budget 2021 invested $515 million over five years and $112 million ongoing to expand before- and after-school care on reserve. Indigenous Services Canada continues to engage with regions and First Nations partners to discuss lessons learned from early implementation of before- and after-school programming and direction/expectations for the future.

• Land-based programming: Dechinta continues to offer land-based university accredited programming in the Northwest Territories, Nunavut and Yukon blending academic instruction with on-the-land learning led by Elders, faculty, and knowledge holders.
• Increased program accessibility for remote learners: Dechinta is enhancing accessibility for students from remote communities by continuing to cover travel costs, tuition, accommodations, culturally appropriate child-care and food for participants, ensuring full participation without financial burden.
• Active research and knowledge mobilization initiatives: The Centre is leading Northern Indigenous-led (including Dene, Inuit and Inuvialuit) research initiatives on topics such as wellness, language revitalization, climate change, and governance, and is actively sharing knowledge through academic publications, presentations, workshops, community reports and collaborative research publications.
• Expanded partnerships with academic institutions: Dechinta maintains and strengthens partnerships with institutions working in education in the North on an ongoing basis. Dechinta's university accredited courses are currently in partnership with the University of British Colombia.

The Dechinta Centre for Research and Learning responds to part of Call for Justice 4.4 by providing Indigenous Peoples with accessible post-secondary education that integrates cultural teachings with academic learning. Indigenous families, survivors and communities are served by the way the Centre increases opportunities for higher education that reflect Indigenous cultural heritage, and provides culturally informed, Indigenous-led learning that supports economic independence and self-determination.

• Increased educational opportunities: Indigenous students have access to post-secondary education that acknowledges and integrates their cultural context.
• Indigenous-led learning: Courses are designed and delivered by Elders, knowledge holders, and Indigenous community members.
• Wrap around supports: Mental health, academic, and logistical supports ensure students can succeed in higher education while remaining in their communities.

Since Budget 2019, Dechinta has received $18.17 million, with an additional $150,000 in 2023 for wildfire recovery support. This includes $5.2 million over two years, approved in October 2024, to continue supporting Dechinta's educational programming. Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada (CIRNAC) administers the funding for Dechinta.

In 2023–24, ISC continued to support First Nations in delivering high-quality elementary and secondary education. Through the Elementary and Secondary Education Program, ISC funded over 520 First Nations-administered education programs across Canada, supporting approximately 117,940 First Nations students ordinarily resident on reserve to attend First Nations, provincial, private, and federal schools.

The implementation of Budget 2021 commitments continued in 2023–24, enhancing funding formulas in areas such as student transportation, supporting full-time kindergarten, and increasing predictability and flexibility in education funding. This transformed approach has contributed to an approximate 98% increase in national funding for kindergarten to grade 12 education on reserve since 2015–16.

In 2023–24, over 93% of students in First Nations-administered schools received instruction in at least one First Nations language, and more than 8,260 students had access to full-time kindergarten. ISC also supported increased First Nations control of education by advancing additional Regional Education Agreements.

Budget 2024 invested a further $649.4 million over two years, starting in 2024–25, to help improve education outcomes and ensure funding formulas reflect the needs of growing communities. ISC continues to engage with First Nations partners through regional technical tables, the Assembly of First Nations' National Indian Education Council, the Ontario Chiefs' Committee on Education, and in collaboration with Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada to support self-governing and modern treaty First Nations.

In 2024–25, ISC continued to support First Nations in pursuing Regional Education Agreements (REAs) as a key mechanism to advance self-determination and improve educational outcomes. As of March 2025, eleven REAs have been signed, nine of which remain active and collectively support approximately 25,000 First Nations elementary and secondary students across five provinces. As of April 1, 2024, nearly 50 First Nations organizations accessed REA development funding to participate in regional technical tables or to initiate development discussions. Active engagement is ongoing with more than 15 additional organizations, some of which have reached table agreement. 

ISC also continues to support First Nations reclaiming full jurisdiction over education through self-government agreements and modern treaties. For example, as of 2024, nine sectoral self-government agreements in education have been signed, involving 42 First Nations communities. 

The Elementary and Secondary Education on Reserve Program responds to part of Call for Justice 4.4 by providing resources and supports that help create equitable educational opportunities for First Nations students within their communities. By funding language, culture, and student support programming, the initiative ensures that education is accessible, culturally relevant, and grounded in Indigenous knowledge. This supports Indigenous women, girls, and 2SLGBTQI+ people in accessing meaningful education and training opportunities where they live.

• Education services and resources better reflect student needs, culture and language.
• First Nations on reserve students participate and progress in their elementary and secondary education

Since Budget 2016, the federal government has implemented a new co-developed policy and funding approach. Budget 2024 invested an additional $649.4 million over two years to enhance elementary and secondary education on reserve, helping ensure funding formulas meet the needs of growing communities. Since 2015, the Government of Canada has invested over $4.8 billion for elementary and secondary education to help First Nations children living on-reserve receive high-quality education.

2024-25 marks Year 3 of the five- year Adult Education investment made through Budget 2021. ISC continued support for First Nations adult learners on reserve and in the North to prepare for, complete, or upgrade their secondary education. Engagement with partners is ongoing, to update guidelines, FAQs/Q&As, and DCIs, as appropriate; and, to continue to promote the activities eligible under the investment and seek out success stories and best practices at the community level.   

The implementation of programming that supports Adult Education for First Nations on reserve and in the North responds to Call for Justice 4.4 by providing critical funding and resources that enable Indigenous women and 2SLGBTQI+ adults on reserve and in the North to complete, prepare for, or upgrade their secondary education. This funding supports First Nations control of education, in alignment with recognizing First Nations' right to self-determination in pursuit of economic and social development, ensures access to educational opportunities, and strengthens local self-sufficiency and economic security.

• Increased access to education: Enables First Nations adult learners on reserve and in the North to complete, prepare for, or upgrade their secondary education.
• Enhanced educational flexibility: Supports the use of post-secondary education funding mechanisms to facilitate program expansion through Indigenous Institutes, and provides additional pathways for adult learners to continue their education (including increasing the development of and access to adult-specific secondary programming, as well as Remedial/Adult Basic Education/Literacy and Basic Skills programming).
• Support for Indigenous-led education: Empowers First Nations to control and design educational programming tailored to their communities' cultural and academic needs.
• Wraparound student supports: Provides incremental financial and logistical supports to help students overcome barriers to education, including those related to transportation and mental health.

Budget 2021 announced $350 million over five years to ensure all First Nations across the country have access to supports for adult education regardless of provincial levels of support.

The entire 2024-25 allocation (total amount of $60,778,335) was distributed to recipients in support of Adult Education programming.

FNIYES responds to Call for Justice 4.4 by providing First Nations and Inuit youth with access to programs that enhance their skills, provide work experience and encourage post-secondary education, with previous targeted investments through IAFNYES for youth who are reliant on Income Assistance and facing barriers to employment. FNIYES funds First Nations and Inuit communities, governments and organizations, non-profit organizations and private sector employers to better support First Nations and Inuit youth, particularly those facing barriers, to participate in the labour market. Supports and resources are made available for First Nations and Inuit youth, including First Nations and Inuit women, girls and 2SLGBTQI+ people.

First Nations and Inuit communities benefit from this program by ensuring that young people have access to employment pathways that promote self-sufficiency, reduce economic vulnerability, and create long-term opportunities for economic security and community well-being.

• Empowerment of Indigenous women and 2SLGBTQI+ people: Support for First Nations and Inuit youth facing barriers to employment and helps them transition into the workforce and pursue meaningful careers;
• Workforce and economic inclusion: Equips First Nations and Inuit  youth with skills and opportunities that target job readiness and financial independence, and ensure long-term workforce participation;
• Reduction in income assistance dependency from 2021-22 to 2024-25 for IAFNYES: The pilot aimed to help youth transition from Income Assistance to sustainable employment by providing them training opportunities and mentored work placements to improve their long-term economic autonomy and security.

FNIYES has annual funding of approximately $25.9 million. The 2022 Fall Economic Statement (FES) invested $54.0 million over 2 years ($27.0 million per year), which sunset in 2024-25. Through Budget 2024, this $27.0 million top-up was renewed for 2025-26.

Funding for IAFNYES was provided through FES 2022, in the amount of $100.2 million over three years. The IAFNYES pilot is not being implemented beyond 2024-25, as funding that supports this initiative was time-limited and sunset on March 31, 2025.

In 2024-25, Indigenous Services Canada (ISC) continued to implement this investment as committed to in the agreement and ongoing discussions continue through an Executive Committee established under the agreement.

The First Nations Elementary and Secondary Education Program – Supporting the Conclusion of a Regional Education Agreement for 22 Communities in Quebec responds to Call for Justice 4.4 by investing $310.6 million over 5 years to better support elementary and secondary student outcomes through a Regional Education Agreement with the Quebec First Nations Education Council. Regional Education Agreements are a cornerstone to supporting First Nations control of First Nations education. These agreements respond to the education goals and priorities set by participating First Nations communities, supporting enhanced multi-year planning, and facilitating greater progress toward service transfer, self-determination, and closing the gaps in education. Families, survivors, and Indigenous communities may benefit from this initiative through increased access to a high-quality education that responds to their needs.

Through Budget 2022, the Government of Canada invested an additional $310.6 million over five years to better support elementary and secondary student outcomes through a regional education agreement with Quebec First Nations Education Council.

Funding through Budget 2024 to continue supporting First Nations students through the Post-Secondary Student Support Program.

The First Nations Post-Secondary Education (PSE) Strategy responds to part of Call for Justice 4.4 by providing stable, long-term funding and reliable financial support for tuition, living expenses, and travel—removing key barriers to access for First Nations students. The Strategy supports culturally appropriate education by supporting First Nations post-secondary education institutions and enabling partnerships with institutions for the development of First Nations-led programs rooted in community languages, cultures, and priorities, many of which students can access without leaving their communities.

It also strengthens First Nations-controlled post-secondary institutions, affirming First Nations knowledge systems and expanding local access to education. First Nations communities benefit through improved access to education, increased financial stability, and from First Nations control over educational opportunities that promote healing and long-term development.

• Community-based learning: First Nations students can access post-secondary education closer to home, reducing barriers associated with relocation.
• Culturally relevant education: Programs incorporate First Nations knowledge, language, and governance principles, creating an education system that reflects First Nations values.
• Supporting institutional capacity: Funding for First Nations post-secondary institutions increases available programs and services, allowing for First Nations-led curriculum development.

In addition to historical allocations, Budget 2024 added $242.7 million over three years, to support access to post-secondary education for First Nations students through the Post-Secondary Student Support Program. The total annual allocation for the First Nations PSE Strategy in 2024-25 was $461.7 million, of which $367.2 million was for Post-Secondary Student Support Program, $22.1 million for Post-Secondary Partnerships Program, and $72.3 million in time-limited Budget 2024 investments in Post-Secondary Student Support Program/University and College Entrance Preparation Program. This funding is divided among ISC regions using defined allocation methodologies, and distributed to First Nations recipients by ISC regional offices.

• Implementation of the Inuit PSE Strategy continues through Inuit-designated regional delivery partners to  support Inuit students, programs and services, community engagement and governance or national coordination.
• ISC continued work with partners to update Inuit PSE Strategy Terms and Conditions to ensure continued relevance and responsiveness.

The Inuit PSE Strategy responds to part of Call for Justice 4.4 by providing distinctions-based funding that improves access to PSE for Inuit students through Inuit-led design and delivery. The strategy provides direct financial supports to Inuit students, wraparound programs and services, as well as community engagement initiatives, all designed to enhance the accessibility of post-secondary education. Inuit post-secondary students, community and education organizations, regional service providers and post-secondary institutions all benefit from the Inuit PSE Strategy through improved access to PSE. By enabling Inuit organizations to deliver education supports, the Inuit PSE Strategy responds to local and regional needs —particularly for Inuit women, girls, and 2SLGBTQI+ individuals.

• Increased post-secondary enrollment: Supports a higher number of Inuit students accessing university and college education.
• Culturally responsive student support: Offers mentorship, career counseling, and cultural programming to support Inuit learners.
• Enhanced institutional capacity: Strengthens Inuit education organizations and post-secondary institutions serving Inuit students.

Budget 2019 provided $125.5 million over ten years, plus $21.8 million in ongoing funding, to support the Inuit PSE Strategy.

• Continued delivery of the Métis Nation PSE Strategy through Métis Nation partners providing direct student aid, funding for programs and services, and support for education governance capacity.
• ISC started work with partners to update program Terms and Conditions in line with current needs.

The Métis Nation PSE Strategy responds to part of Call for Justice 4.4 by providing funding that enables Métis Nation students to access and succeed in post-secondary education, in alignment with their cultural identities and community priorities. The Métis Nation PSE Strategy enhances educational access for Métis Nation learners by addressing financial barriers, supporting student services, and strengthening Métis Nation education governance.

Métis Nation students, families and communities benefit from the Métis Nation PSE Strategy through improved access to education, and culturally grounded supports for students. For families and communities impacted by the loss or marginalization of Indigenous women, girls, and 2SLGBTQI+ people, access to education supports recovery and restoration builds capacity within families, strengthens individual confidence and skills, and opens doors to meaningful employment and leadership.

• Increased educational attainment: Direct financial assistance helps close the post-secondary education attainment gap between Métis Nation and non-Indigenous students.
• Culturally relevant learning supports: Student success is supported through financial assistance for tuition and living expenses as well as culturally grounded wraparound services like counselling, mentorship, Elder guidance, and tutoring.
• Strengthened Métis Nation education governance: Supports capacity-building within Métis Nations  to develop and oversee culturally relevant education programs. Investments in governance capacity support Métis Nation partners' abilities to manage service delivery and track education data within their own communities.

To implement the Métis Nation PSE Strategy, Budget 2019 announced $362 million over ten years, with $40 million ongoing. The funding is distributed annually to Métis Nation recipients, supporting a distinctions-based approach to education that meets the specific needs of Métis Nation youth. The total annual allocation for the Métis Nation PSE Strategy in 2024-25 was approximately $39.8 million, which was distributed to Métis Nation recipients, including Métis Nation British Columbia, Métis Nation-Saskatchewan, Otipemisiwak Métis Government (formerly Métis Nation of Alberta), Métis Nation of Ontario, Manitoba Métis Federation, and Métis National Council.

Beginning in 2024–25, First Nations have had the flexibility to allocate this funding based on their unique education-related priorities and in alignment with the local realities of the food systems and community-specific needs.

The National School Food Program responds to part of Call for Justice 4.4 by providing supports and resources for educational, training, and employment opportunities for all Indigenous women, girls, and 2SLGBTQI+ people through supporting access to a high-quality education that responds to their needs. The program includes a dedicated $227.8 million investment in the National School Food Program for First Nations students on reserve, which can be used by First Nations to help ensure that nutritious and culturally relevant food is provided in a way that reflects the realities of local food systems and community needs. The initiative directly supports the immediate need for services that meet the social and economic needs of Indigenous Peoples, as outlined in the Call.

Indigenous families, survivors, and communities benefit from the way this program provides children access to the nutritious meals they need to thrive, in a way that reduces the burden on families struggling with food insecurity. School food programs positively contribute to overall student health and educational success, leading to an improved quality of life and stronger communities.

• Education services and resources better reflect student needs, culture and language.
• First Nations on reserve students participate and progress in their elementary and secondary education

As part of Budget 2024, the Government of Canada committed $1 billion over five years to establish a National School Food Program, including dedicated investments for First Nations, Inuit, and Métis communities, as well as self-governing and modern treaty partners. Within this commitment, $227.8 million over five years was allocated to the First Nations Elementary and Secondary Education Program.

National Co-development efforts

• Continued advancing the co-development and implementation of improvements to the On-Reserve Income Assistance Program in partnership with First Nations.
• Participated in a long-standing, bi-weekly co-development working group with the Assembly of First Nations (AFN), focusing on the implementation of program investments.
• The AFN Technical Working Group on Social Development (TWGSD) served as a key advisory body, representing regional perspectives and supporting implementation efforts.

Regional collaboration and implementation support

• Collaborated with regionally mandated First Nations organizations and funding recipients to ensure programming remains responsive to community needs.

Engagement with Maritime First Nations

• In the Atlantic region, ISC worked with:
  • Mi'gmaq and Wolastoqiyik Social Development Support Lodge.
  • Ta'n Etli-tpi'tmk Association.
  • Abegweit and Lennox Island First Nations (Prince Edward Island).
• These partnerships supported First Nations-led research, planning, and implementation of governed systems for enhanced social program delivery in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island.

The On-Reserve Income Assistance program responds to part of Call for Justice 4.4 by providing Indigenous individuals with access to employment training and educational opportunities through pre-employment support services. The program empowers recipients to develop job skills, gain work experience, and enhance their employability, which strengthens economic security and self-determination. By incorporating case management services, the initiative ensures that Indigenous individuals have the necessary resources to pursue long-term career opportunities. Indigenous families, survivors and communities benefit from this program as it promotes economic resilience, workforce participation, and financial independence.

• Increased access to employment and training: Supports job readiness through pre-employment programs and skills development initiatives.
• Promotion of workforce participation: Encourages self-sufficiency by providing pathways to education and employment.
• Individualized case management: Assists clients in navigating employment barriers and developing tailored career plans.
• First Nations-driven program development: Engages First Nation communities in co-developing policy recommendations to improve service delivery.

From 2018 to 2020, $8.5 million supported a First Nations-led engagement process to understand how to make the IA program more responsive to the needs of individuals and families on reserve. It identified supports required to help individuals better transition from IA to employment and education, and laid the foundation for innovation in program design, emphasizing distinctions-based approaches that respect Indigenous jurisdiction over social services, which informed the work that took place in 2024-25.

The program is delivered by First Nations, Tribal Councils, and Indigenous organizations through funding agreements with ISC. In Ontario, it operates under the 1965 Canada-Ontario Memorandum of Agreement Respecting Welfare Programs for Indians (1965 Agreement), which reimburses the province for eligible expenditures. In 2024–25, the program received $1.25 billion in permanent funding, with an additional $575.5 million allocated in Budget 2024 to support program integrity over a five-year period with $115.1 million being provided on-going after the five years.

As of December 2024, the overall program impact across all Indigenous participants includes:

• Over 31,600 Indigenous individuals accessed ISET-supported training, skills development opportunities, and wrap around supports such as child care.
  • This includes 16,035 Indigenous women, reflecting the program's strong emphasis on reducing barriers for women to participate in the labour market.
• Over 11,800 individuals gained employment following participation in ISET-funded programming.
  • Of these, 5,443 were women, demonstrating the program's effectiveness in supporting economic empowerment and advancing gender equity.
• Over 4,800 individuals returned to school for further training or education as part of their career development journey.
  • This includes 2,811 women, many of whom accessed academic upgrading or post-secondary education supports provided through ISET.

As of December 2024, the distinction-based program impact for Métis participants includes:

• Over 6,500 Métis participants received training, and employment supports tailored to their community's priorities and regional labour market needs.
  • Among these, 1,699 were Métis women, highlighting the importance of culturally relevant and accessible programming for Métis women's advancement.
• Over 2,400 Métis participants secured employment following ISET-supported programming.
  • This includes 1,413 Métis women, reflecting significant progress in addressing employment gaps for Métis women across Canada.
• Over 2,200 Métis individuals returned to school to pursue further education and training.
  • 1,424 were women, illustrating strong uptake of educational supports and a growing interest in long-term career development pathways among Métis women.

This initiative responds to part of the Call for Justice 4.5 by providing supports and resources for skills and employment training for Indigenous women, girls and 2SLGBTQI+ people. The ISET Program offers culturally relevant, community-designed services that help participants overcome systemic and personal barriers to employment, including those rooted in colonialism, intergenerational trauma, and gender-based violence. Wrap around supports such as child care, mental health services, and transportation ensure that Indigenous women and 2SLGBTQI+ participants can safely and meaningfully access training opportunities. By facilitating access to good jobs and further education, the program strengthens pathways to economic independence, healing, and long-term safety. Through distinctions-based funding and Indigenous-led service delivery, the program upholds the right of Indigenous Peoples to shape solutions that reflect their realities and empower their communities. Indigenous families, survivors and communities benefit from the ISET Program's focus on addressing the root causes of violence—such as poverty, systemic discrimination, and social exclusion—by improving access to culturally grounded education, training, and employment supports.

• Reduces barriers for Indigenous women and 2SLGBTQI+ people: Provides wrap around supports—such as child care, mental health services, and transportation.  Helps address systemic barriers, enabling safer and more equitable access to education, healing, and employment opportunities.
• Promotes healing, safety, and stability through economic empowerment: Provides access to meaningful employment and education supports financial independence, which is a critical factor in preventing violence, supporting healing from trauma, and promoting long-term well-being for survivors, families, and communities.
• Supports Indigenous self-determination and community-led solutions: Funds Indigenous organizations to design and deliver culturally grounded services. Respects and strengthens Indigenous control over employment and healing pathways.
• Enhances access to education and skills development: Supports academic upgrading and post-secondary pathways. Enables participants to build confidence, pursue long-term goals, and strengthen their roles within families and communities.
• Provides long-term, predictable investment in Indigenous communities: Offers stable, responsive, and innovative services by providing ten-year, distinctions-based funding agreements.

The ISET program was established through Budget 2018 with an initial investment of $2 billion over five years (2019–24) to support distinctions-based, Indigenous-led employment and training services. The program delivers ongoing, predictable annual funding of $408.2 million from 2024 onward.

Funding is allocated on a distinctions basis, ensuring tailored support for:

• First Nations: $1.1 billion over five years; $235.7 million annually ongoing.
• Inuit: $161.2 million over five years; $32.6 million annually ongoing.
• Métis: $325 million over five years; $67 million annually ongoing.
• Urban/Non-affiliated Indigenous Peoples: $213.4 million over five years; $45.2 million annually ongoing.

To address long-standing service gaps, the ISET Program created a dedicated Urban/Non-affiliated stream—supporting access to employment and training services for Indigenous Peoples living out of territory or in urban centres.

The program provides ten-year funding agreements (April 2019 to March 2029) to increase flexibility, planning capacity, and long-term impact for Indigenous service delivery organizations. Since its launch, over $2 billion has been allocated, including a one-time investment of $144.2 million in 2021–22 to support pandemic recovery.

This initiative responds to Call for Justice 4.6 by constructing and repairing housing to meet the housing needs of marginalized northerners including Indigenous women, girls, and 2SLGBTQI+ people. Indigenous families, survivors and communities are served by the initiative's work to address housing shortages, improve housing quality, and support the development of affordable housing, major renovations, and alternative energy solutions.

• Increased access to affordable housing: Funding supports construction of new public housing units for rural and remote communities, and development of additional housing for vulnerable populations.
  • Example: Funding allocated to the Government of the Northwest Territories was used to increase the number of affordable housing units in the territory, including building new public housing units for rural and remote communities throughout the Northwest Territories.
• Safer living conditions: Funding supports major repairs to existing social housing stock to ensure safety and longevity.
  • Example: Funding allocated to the Government of Nunavut was used to build new public housing units in seven remote communities (Coral Harbour, Pond Inlet, Gjoa Haven, Sanarijak, Sanikiluaq, Kugaaruk, and Naujaat).
• Climate-resilient housing and infrastructure: Funding support modular housing and alternative energy housing infrastructure to reduce costs and environmental impact.
  • Example: Funding allocated to the Government of the Northwest Territories was used to increase the number of affordable housing units in the territory, and repair again housing infrastructure, including alternative energy investments involving the installation of medium-scale biomass district heating systems.

Budget 2022 provided $150 million over two years. Nunavut and to Northwest Territories have each been allocated $60 million, and Yukon has been allocated $30 million. Of these funds, a minimum of 60% must be directed toward housing, and the remainder can be directed to infrastructure. 

The CHIF responds to Call for Justice 4.6 by funding modernized, expanded, improved critical housing-enabling infrastructure projects that meet the social and economic needs of Indigenous people and their communities through better living conditions, safe drinking water, and essential waste management services. Indigenous families, survivors and communities benefit from this program by gaining access to sustainable housing-enabling infrastructure that supports their health, well-being, and long-term community stability. The two funding streams enhance the ability of Indigenous governments and organizations to improve housing conditions that meet their cultural, geographic, and community-specific needs. Indigenous families, survivors and communities benefit from this program through safer, more reliable housing infrastructure that aligns with communities' priorities.

• Expanded housing development: Improved infrastructure enables the construction of more homes in Indigenous communities.
• Sustainable communities: Modernized water and waste systems reduce health risks and enhance community resilience.
• Economic and social growth: Investments support long-term stability and growth in Indigenous communities.

The CHIF is a $6 billion federal investment designed to support housing-enabling infrastructure across Canada over a ten-year period from 2024-2025 to 2033-2034. The fund is structured to ensure long-term financial support for infrastructure projects that enhance housing supply and sustainability. The program prioritizes Indigenous-led projects and requires provinces and territories to allocate at least 20% of their funding to Indigenous, rural and northern communities. The funding is available to a range of eligible recipients, including Indigenous governing bodies, development corporations, non-profit organizations focused on Indigenous well-being, municipalities, and provincial and territorial governments. By mandating targeted minimum allocations in both streams, CHIF ensures that historically underserved communities receive the infrastructure investments needed to improve housing conditions and support long-term community stability.

The on-reserve housing component of ISC's ongoing and targeted infrastructure spending responds to part of Call for Justice 4.6 by providing funding for housing construction and maintenance, with First Nations partners determining how funds are allocated. First Nations families, survivors, and communities benefit from this program as it invests to increase access to safe and sustainable housing, which supports long-term community well-being and stability.

• Housing development and maintenance: Construction of new housing and repairs to existing units.
  • Example: Since 2016, the Government of Canada has committed more than $4 billion over 11 years for First Nations housing, with the most recent Budget 2024 proposing an additional $426 million over five years. Since 2016, with support from ISC, First Nations have completed construction or renovation of 12,564 units, with another 9,811 underway.
• First Nation-led housing planning: First Nations partners are supported to enhance their capacity to plan and manage on-reserve housing programs.
  • Example: Budget 2022 committed $223 million over five years to support the critical work of housing managers on-reserve, including funding for training, certification and provision of technical services.
• Community well-being and safety: Improved living conditions contribute to overall health and safety.
  • Example: ISC supported Cowichan Tribes in British Columbia to remediate 50 units, with $4 million over two years. Through a streamlined approval process, the community's red seal carpenter inspected the homes to identify needed renovations, avoiding delays in housing inspections and allowing for quicker action.

As of December 2024, ISC had invested $2.67 billion in funding for housing on-reserve, with a further $1.9 billion to be invested through 2028-29.

The ICIF - Métis Component partially addresses Call for Justice 4.6 by providing investments that Métis partners can use to address the urgent need for safe, stable, culturally appropriate and accessible housing for Métis women, girls and 2SLGBTQI+ people. The distinctions-based element of this initiative responds to the Call for Justice's requirement that housing solutions must address unique challenges faced by people living in geographically diverse communities. The initiative funds the construction of new homes and improves existing housing units, that could result in better living conditions and long-term housing security, and improved access to safe and culturally appropriate housing options.

Métis families, survivors, and communities benefit from this program by having access to safe, stable housing that supports their well-being and safety.

• Safe and reliable housing: Funds Métis-led housing solutions and improves living conditions for Métis women, youth, and elders while reducing their vulnerabilities to gender-based violence, poverty and homelessness.
• New housing development: Funds construction of new homes for vulnerable populations in Métis communities.
• Housing renovations: Funds structural repairs, insulation, roofing, and essential upgrades for vulnerable populations in Métis communities.
• Increased housing security: Funds projects that addresses overcrowding and improves access to affordable housing.
• Support for transitional housing: Funds projects that result in the construction of temporary and subsidized housing for those in need.

The ICIF – Métis Component provides flexible distinctions-based funding Métis governments and the Metis Settlements General Council to allocate resources in response to community-identified priorities. As a result, the specific impacts and project details remain with the funding recipients, who determine how best to meet the infrastructure needs in their communities.

Funding has been allocated to support critical infrastructure projects and respond to the housing needs of the communities, with investments made in housing repairs and renovations, and improvements to community gathering spaces. Detailed examples are not provided in this report due to the autonomous and community-led nature of project implementation. This approach aligns with the principle of self-determination, providing Métis governance structures with authority over decision-making processes.

Budget 2021 allocated $200 million to five Métis governments and $40 million to the Metis Settlements General Council, prioritizing housing initiatives. Funding is administered with flexibility, to support Métis governments to tailor investments to their communities' specific housing needs.

The ICIF - Self-Governing and Modern Treaty First Nations Component responds to part of Call for Justice 4.6 by investing in the construction of new housing and the maintenance of existing housing units. While these investments may benefit First Nations women, girls, and 2SLGBTQI+ people, the program requires a specific mandate ensuring their access to new or existing housing units in order to respond to the Call for Justice. Families, survivors, and Self-Governing and Modern Treaty First Nations communities benefit from this program through enhanced housing infrastructure that contributes to overall community stability and well-being.

• Safe and reliable housing: Funds Self-Governing and Modern Treaty First Nations-led housing solutions and improves living conditions for First Nations women, youth, and elders while reducing their vulnerabilities to gender-based violence, poverty and homelessness.
• New housing development: Funds construction of new homes for vulnerable populations in Self-Governing and Modern Treaty First Nations' communities to address housing shortages.
• Housing renovations: Funds structural repairs, insulation, roofing, and essential upgrades for vulnerable populations in Self-Governing and Modern Treaty First Nations' communities.
• Increased housing security: Funds projects that addresses overcrowding and improves access to affordable housing.
• Support for transitional housing: Funds projects that result in the construction of temporary and subsidized housing for those in need.

The ICIF - Self-Governing and Modern Treaty First Nations Component provides distinctions-based funding that allows to Self-Governing and Modern Treaty partners to allocate resources in response to community-identified priorities. As a result, the specific impacts and project details remain with the funding recipients, who determine how best to meet the infrastructure needs of their communities.

Funding recipients have undertaken community planning as well as community-based initiatives designed to serve the needs of the community members, including major home repair assistance programs and fuel subsidies for vulnerable seniors. Detailed examples are not provided in this report due to the autonomous and community-led nature of project implementation. This approach aligns with the principle of self-determination, ensuring that Self-Governing and Modern Treaty First Nations retain full authority over decision-making processes.

Budget 2021 allocated $107.3 million in the 2024-25 fiscal year to the ICIF - Self-Governing and Modern Treaty First Nations Component. Funding is provided to Self-Governing and Modern Treaty partners and fiscal arrangements support self-determination in infrastructure development.

The ICIF – Inuit Component responds to part of Call for Justice 4.6 by investing in Inuit-led self-determined solutions to Inuit infrastructure challenges and gaps. This includes investments in the construction of new housing and repairs to existing housing, with the intent of ensuring safe and culturally appropriate housing for Inuit people. Inuit families, survivors, and communities benefit from this program by having access to improved and expanded infrastructure that supports overall community well-being.

• Increased availability of safe and culturally appropriate housing: Supports the construction of new housing and repairs to existing homes in Inuit communities. Enhances safety through improved living conditions and infrastructure upgrades.
• Inuit-led and regional self-determined housing solutions: Provides distinctions-based funding to Inuit Treaty Organizations, allowing Inuit governance structures to self-determine community-specific priorities for housing and infrastructure. Ensures housing aligns with Inuit cultural, environmental, and geographic needs, including considerations for northern climates and community structures. Addresses regional infrastructure needs that are assessed and managed by and for Inuit communities.
• Enhanced community stability and wellbeing: Supports improved quality of life by providing access to safe, stable living conditions, particularly for Inuit women, children, and 2SLGBTQI+ individuals who may be at heightened risk of violence and exploitation.
• Strengthened infrastructure for community support services: Extends funding to community centers and emergency shelters, providing critical support services for individuals facing housing insecurity or fleeing violence. Increases the availability of safe spaces for Inuit women and 2SLGBTQI+ individuals.
• Sustainable, long-term impact on housing and infrastructure development: Ensures long-term investment in housing infrastructure through sustainable, community-led development models. Builds local capacity for housing construction, maintenance, and infrastructure management, contributing to economic and employment opportunities within Inuit communities.

The ICIF – Inuit Component provides distinctions-based funding that allows Inuit Treaty Organizations and other Indigenous-led entities to allocate resources in response to community-identified priorities. As a result, the specific impacts and project details remain with the funding recipients, who determine how best to meet the infrastructure needs in their communities.

Funding has been allocated to support critical infrastructure projects, including shelters and homes for vulnerable populations, heritage centres, and community centres. Details are not provided in this report due to the autonomous and community-led nature of project implementation. This approach aligns with the principle of self-determination, ensuring that Inuit governance structures have full authority over decision-making processes.

Budget 2021 allocated $517.8 million for this initiative, enabling Inuit-led infrastructure development to address critical needs in Inuit communities. Funding is allocated regionally and split among Inuit Treaty Organizations based on a pre-determined funding formula approved by the Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami Board of Directors.

Funding to Northwest Territories First Nation and Métis communities without reserves, modern treaties or self-government agreements through the ICIF responds to part of Call for Justice 4.6 as it has provided vital support to strengthen internal capacity in addressing community infrastructure and housing needs. Investments aim to enhance the health and safety of community members, including women, girls, and 2SLGBTQI+ individuals by improving access to safe and affordable community accommodations.

• Improved housing conditions for community members including Indigenous women, girls, and 2SLGBTQI+ people, contributing to safety, stability, and well-being. Funding enabled communities to develop and implement initiatives addressing the unique needs of their members. Community-led activities supported through this initiative include programs to assist residents with major home repairs (e.g. installation of new sewer tanks, insulation upgrades, electrical work, drywall replacement, and other repairs), initiatives to support homeownership, and affordability supports such as fuel subsidies for vulnerable individuals and families.
  • Example: In the Deh Cho region, the Nahanni Butte Dene Band successfully maintained and enhanced community housing infrastructure through the rehabilitation of eight homes through major repair projects, and the installation of new wood stoves in 13 residences.

Funding for Northwest Territories First Nations and Métis without reserves, modern treaties or self-government agreements under the Indigenous Community Infrastructure Fund totaled $18 million over four years beginning in 2021-2022. Recipient organizations included the Deh Cho ($5 million), Akaitcho ($5 million) First Nations communities, the Northwest Territories Métis Nation ($6 million) and, North Slave Métis Alliance ($2 million).

The ICIF – Urban Component responds to part of Call for Justice 4.6 by making significant investments in the construction, acquisition, renovation, and retrofitting of infrastructure that supports Indigenous women, girls, and 2SLGBTQI+ people. By addressing the critical need for safe and appropriate physical spaces, this initiative helps mitigate the barriers Indigenous women and girls face in accessing essential services such as shelter, healthcare, and social supports. Families, survivors, and urban Indigenous communities and groups benefit from this initiative by gaining increased access to safe, culturally appropriate spaces that provide vital social, health, and economic supports.

• Increased safety and security: Infrastructure improvements ensure safer environments for Indigenous women, girls, and 2SLGBTQI+ individuals seeking support services.
  • Example: In 2024-25, funding was allocated to the Niwasa Kendaaaswin Teg to build a safe and inclusive gathering space that provides supportive culturally-responsive services for Indigenous children, youth, adults, seniors, and Elders.
• Enhanced service accessibility: Organizations can expand their capacity to deliver essential programming, ensuring Indigenous people receive necessary social and health services.
  • Example: In 2024-25, funding was allocated to Centre d'amitié autochtone de Val-d'Or to pursue a major infrastructure development aimed at enhancing culturally-relevant and safe services for community members. This initiative will expand access to more community spaces and living environments, while also providing access to an Indigenous health clinic.
• Improved physical infrastructure: Investments in construction, renovation, and retrofitting of service delivery sites provide long-term benefits to Indigenous communities.
  • Example: In 2024-25, funding was allocated to the Yellowhead Tribal Development Foundation to integrate accessibility improvements, including the installation of an elevator into an existing building.

Budget 2021 allocated $194.9 million over three years (2022-25), including $18.1 million in 2024-25, to support urban and rural Indigenous service delivery organizations. Funding is distributed through a competitive process, with selected projects required to meet reporting and construction timelines.

The Distinctions-based Housing Initiative's Inuit Housing Investment responds to Call for Justice 4.6 by facilitating the immediate construction and renovation of housing solutions that are tailored specifically to Inuit cultural, geographic, and community needs. Through direct investments, the initiative ensures Inuit communities receive housing that is safe, secure, and sustainable. Inuit families, survivors, and communities benefit by gaining increased access to culturally relevant housing, contributing directly to improved health outcomes, economic stability, and community wellness.

• Increased housing availability: Construction of 60 Inuit housing units by March 31, 2025, addressing immediate gaps in housing provision.
• Enhanced community safety: Renovations and improvements to housing infrastructure contributing to safer living conditions, particularly benefitting those vulnerable to violence. Renovation of 40 units by March 31, 2025.
• Economic and social stability: Housing stability supports improved community health outcomes, economic security, and reduced vulnerability among Inuit populations.
• Culturally appropriate solutions: Housing projects and decisions informed by Inuit governance and cultural practices, enhancing relevance and effectiveness.
• Self-determined housing priorities: Empowering Inuit Treaty Organizations to govern and deliver housing programs aligned with Inuit-specific priorities, bolstering Inuit governance and decision-making, and respond effectively to emergent and existing crises.

Funding has been allocated to support critical infrastructure projects and respond to the housing needs of the communities, by investing in the construction and purchase of new housing units, renovation of existing housing units, and subsidized rent. Detailed examples are not provided in this report due to the autonomous and community-led nature of project implementation. This approach aligns with the principle of self-determination, ensuring that Inuit governance structures have full authority over decision-making processes.

Budget 2023 allocated $845 million specifically for Inuit Treaty Organizations, guided by the Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami Board of Directors' regional distribution decisions. This targeted approach ensures that funding is responsive to the unique housing needs and priorities established by Inuit communities, facilitating measurable improvements in housing conditions across Inuit Nunangat. The funding supports both new housing construction and critical repairs, impacting thousands of Inuit community members across the region.

The Distinctions-based Housing Initiative's Métis Housing Investment responds to Call for Justice 4.6 by supporting Métis-led housing projects that are designed to meet community-identified priorities. By providing safe, secure, and sustainable housing, this program supports the overall health, economic security, and cultural sustainability of Métis families. Métis families, survivors, and communities benefit from increased access to culturally appropriate housing and services that reflect their unique needs and priorities.

• Safe and adequate housing: Increased access to safe and affordable housing for Métis communities. Construction and renovation of 1,865 new units, directly addressing urgent housing needs in Métis communities.
• Improved living conditions: Improved energy efficiency and longevity of existing housing.  Renovations completed on 6,524 dwellings, leading to healthier, safer living environments.
• Economic empowerment: Support for economic and social stability through improved housing access. Providing down payment assistance for homeownership to 2,118 families, enhancing economic security and independence. Rent subsidies provided to 10,933 families, reducing housing insecurity and financial stress.
• Indigenous-led housing projects: Construction of new housing that aligns with Métis-led design and priorities resulting in culturally appropriate housing solutions aligned with local needs. Strengthened self-determination through Métis governance of housing programs.

Funding has been allocated to support critical infrastructure projects and respond to the housing needs of the communities, by investing in the construction and purchase of new housing units, renovation of existing housing units, and subsidized rent. Detailed examples are not provided in this report due to the autonomous and community-led nature of project implementation. This approach aligns with the principle of self-determination, providing Métis governance structures with authority over decision-making processes.

Through ongoing investments, Métis organizations have received targeted and distinctions-based housing investments. Budget 2022 expanded funding to additional Métis partners (i.e., Metis Settlements in Alberta and Métis in the Northwest Territories), and Budget 2023 included the Urban, Rural, and Northern Indigenous Housing Strategy. As of March 2024, these funding investments have directly impacted thousands of Métis individuals and families through improved housing and economic support measures.

This initiative responds to Call for Justice 4.6 by ensuring that housing construction and repair initiatives prioritize Indigenous communities, particularly in areas facing severe shortages. Investments in urban, rural, and northern communities support the long-term sustainability of housing programs. Indigenous families, survivors and communities benefit from access to safe, well-maintained housing, which enhances quality of life and economic stability.

• Community-led, self-governed housing solutions: First Nations, Inuit, and Métis self-determined policies, including Indigenous-led housing initiatives and Métis governance of shelters and transitional housing.
• Expanded safe housing access: Funding for new construction of homes, multi-unit dwellings, and community-led housing projects, and for upgrades and repairs to ensure existing housing stock meets safety, sustainability, and accessibility standards.
• Expansion of emergency and transitional shelters: Committed $336.78 million through the Indigenous Shelter and Transitional Housing Initiative toward the construction of 37 new shelters and 34 new transitional homes for Indigenous women, families, and 2SLGBTQI+ individuals.
• Prioritizing vulnerable populations: Safe, stable housing for women, children, seniors, and those at risk of homelessness, domestic violence, and human trafficking.
• Long-term housing and economic security: Investments in transitional and second-stage housing, rental assistance, and affordable housing for low-income Indigenous families.
• Preventing family separation and child welfare interventions: Housing programs that provide stability for Indigenous families, reducing the risk of child apprehension due to poverty, overcrowding, or unsafe living conditions.
• 2SLGBTQI+ inclusive housing solutions: Culturally informed shelters, affordable housing, and advocacy for 2SLGBTQI+ individuals facing housing insecurity.

This initiative responds to part of Call for Justice 4.6 by facilitating the construction and repair of housing that is safe, culturally appropriate, and responsive to geographical and cultural contexts. The autonomy provided to Self-Governing and Modern Treaty First Nations ensures that housing solutions directly address the specific needs of First Nations women, girls, and 2SLGBTQI+ people. Families, survivors, and Self-Governing and Modern Treaty First Nations communities benefit significantly through improved housing quality and availability, fostering stability and security.

• Safe and accessible housing: Increased availability of safe, affordable, culturally appropriate, and geographically suitable housing directly addresses immediate safety needs and reduces vulnerability to violence.
• Enhanced living conditions: Significant investment in renovations and repairs of existing housing improves physical safety, energy efficiency, and the overall health of community members.
• Economic stability and resilience: Increased economic security through addressing housing insecurity, poverty reduction, and promoting sustainable economic development, thus enhancing long-term economic resilience.
• Self-determination and community empowerment: Strengthened autonomy through First Nations-led decision-making processes in housing and services, enabling communities to set their own priorities according to local needs and aspirations.

Funding has been allocated to support critical infrastructure projects and respond to the housing needs of the communities, by investing in the construction and purchase of new housing units, renovation of existing housing units, and subsidized rent. Detailed examples are not provided in this report due to the autonomous and community-led nature of project implementation. This approach aligns with the principle of self-determination, ensuring that Self-Governing and Modern Treaty First Nations retain full authority over decision-making processes.

Through targeted fiscal transfers, Self-Governing and Modern Treaty First Nations receive dedicated funding, aligning with their self-determined priorities. Funding for the 2024-25 fiscal year has been fully delivered, with comprehensive final reporting expected from partners in the fiscal year 2027-28.

The U.R.N. Indigenous Housing Strategy responds to Call for Justice 4.6 by providing funding directly to Indigenous governments and organizations for the construction of new housing and the provision of repairs for existing housing to meet the housing needs of Indigenous people including Indigenous women, girls and 2SLGBTQI+ people. This enables Indigenous governments and organizations to determine how resources are allocated, ensuring that Indigenous women, girls, and 2SLGBTQI+ people have access to safe, geographically, and culturally appropriate housing.

By prioritizing Indigenous decision-making, this initiative strengthens self-determination and supports long-term housing security. Indigenous families, survivors and communities benefit from this Strategy as it fosters stability, safety, and culturally appropriate housing solutions across a continuum of housing needs.

• Improved housing security and access to safe housing: Direct funding enables Indigenous-led construction, repairs, and culturally appropriate shelters, transitional housing, and permanent homes.
• Indigenous-led, self-determined housing solutions: Indigenous governments and organizations control funding allocation, ensuring housing solutions reflect cultural, geographic, and community needs.
• Culturally relevant and holistic housing Services: Supports the development of housing that integrates Indigenous traditions, languages, and ways of life while coordinating with mental health and social services.
• Support for vulnerable populations: Assists Indigenous individuals facing homelessness, food insecurity, and violence by expanding shelter and housing options.
• Indigenous governance and leadership in housing: Governance by, and direct funding to First Nations, Inuit and Métis, who determine respective U.R.N. housing plans, priorities and funding delivery. The National Indigenous Housing Centre, will be Indigenous-led, ensuring self-determined policies and delivery of housing across the country to narrow the gap in housing need and opportunities for collaboration and partnerships.
• Sustainable and comprehensive housing solutions: Investments contribute to long-term, stable housing with enhanced coordination and Indigenous oversight.

Budget 2023 allocated $4 billion over seven years, starting in 2024-25, for implementation of the U.R.N. Indigenous Housing Strategy and the establishment of a National Indigenous Housing Centre. The U.R.N. Strategy recognizes Indigenous partners' autonomy over assisting their members, citizens, and beneficiaries in meeting their housing needs no matter where they live. For this reason, funding will be delivered through Indigenous Services Canada (ISC) and Crown Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs (CIRNAC) to First Nations, Inuit, and Métis partners and Modern Treaty and Self-Governing First Nations. Funding will also flow to the new National Indigenous Housing Centre to manage and administer government funding directly to Indigenous housing and service providers.

For the direct funding streams to First Nations, Inuit and Métis, agreements have been signed and most of fiscal year 2024-25 U.R.N. funding to distinctions-based groups has been disbursed. ISC has distributed $39.1 million for 2024-25 to First Nations in provinces, while CIRNAC has flowed approximately $48 million to Inuit, Métis, northern First Nations, and Modern Treaty and Self-Governing First Nations.

A Request for Proposals (RFP) was launched by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) in 2024, on behalf of the Government of Canada, for Indigenous proponents to submit proposals to establish a National Indigenous Housing Centre (National Centre). Funding under this strategy supports the development and sustainability of Indigenous-led housing services, including shelters and transition homes. The updated timeline under the RFP contemplates the conclusion of a service agreement with the lead proponent in the fall of 2025.

This initiative responds to part of Call for Justice 4.7 by supporting the development of services that prevent and reduce Indigenous homelessness and enhance access to culturally appropriate housing supports. ARCH is helping to strengthen service capacity to support Indigenous women, girls, and 2SLGBTQI+ individuals who are homeless or at risk due to violence, poverty, or food insecurity. While ARCH does not directly fund shelters, it identifies systemic gaps and enhances the capacity of Indigenous service providers and in doing so works to support vulnerable populations receive culturally safe and sustainable housing solutions.

Indigenous families, survivors and communities can benefit from this program through improved service accessibility, culturally safe housing supports, and strengthened community partnerships to prevent homelessness.

• Increased access to Indigenous housing services: Expanding low-barrier, Indigenous-led housing supports to reduce risks of homelessness and exploitation. Expands culturally safe supports for Indigenous individuals at risk of homelessness.
  • Example: $1.2 million was allocated to Medicine Hat Community Housing Society and Miywasin Friendship Centre, together with other partners, to create and pilot a supportive housing site for individuals experiencing chronic homelessness with complex needs, incorporating Indigenous perspectives and cultural supports, and building strong connections with the healthcare sector.
  • Example: $1.06 million was allocated to Brandon Neighbourhood Renewal Corporation to create and pilot a number of solutions based on the needs and lived experiences of local community members, including the development of a local Indigenous-led women's safe house with a focus on preventing harm and/or death of Indigenous women experiencing homelessness or at risk of imminent harm
• Community-led solutions: Empowering Indigenous organizations to lead interventions tailored to their unique realities.
  • Example: $698,000 was allocated to Atlohsa Family Healing Services and the City of London to develop and test an Indigenous-led and -informed Coordinated Access System by improving coordination, building community support teams, and developing tailored tools, processes and training to meet the needs of Indigenous communities.
• Systemic change: Identifies long-term solutions to prevent homelessness through research and policy recommendations.
  • Example: $774,000 was allocated to the Coalition of Hamilton Indigenous Leadership and the City of Hamilton to develop and implement an Indigenous Cultural Capacity and Accountability Framework, focusing on the co-development of data and service provision approaches with Indigenous communities.
• Improved collaboration: Increasing coordination between Indigenous communities, housing providers, and government agencies to remove systemic barriers.

Budget 2022 allocated $11 million over three years starting in 2023-24.

The FVPP responds to part of Call for Justice 4.7 by expanding Indigenous-led, culturally appropriate housing options, including second-stage housing for survivors of violence. While additional resources are needed to ensure all Indigenous communities have access to low-barrier, sustainable shelters, this initiative strengthens Indigenous-led housing solutions. Indigenous families, survivors and communities benefit from this program by having access to safe spaces that incorporate traditional healing and community support.

• Culturally safe housing and culturally relevant services: Shelters and transitional housing designed to support Indigenous healing approaches. Many FVPP-funded shelters integrate Indigenous knowledge, healing practices, and cultural teachings.
  • Example: In 2024-25, Initiatives de guérison et de soutien communautaire 2SLGBTQI+ connects individuals who are experiencing a crisis situation and need housing to volunteer individuals who will offer temporary and safe accommodation. While the person is in the safe location, the project offers support to ensure that the basic needs of the person are being met and assists the individual in accessing external support services.
• Support for Indigenous women and 2SLGBTQI+ people: Increased safety and security for survivors of gender-based violence, by ensuring Indigenous women, girls, and 2SLGBTQI+ individuals have some access to housing and support services.
  • Example: In 2024-25, Roots of Peace raises awareness about violence against Indigenous women and 2SLGBTQI+ individuals, while providing them with a safe environment to receive information about programs, services, and cultural knowledge sessions available to them.
• Community-led prevention efforts: Funding for Indigenous organizations to develop and lead violence prevention programming and safe spaces, including investments in Indigenous-run emergency shelters and second-stage housing across Canada.
  • Example: In 2024-25, the National Indigenous Circle Against Family Violence, Pauktuutit Inuit Women of Canada, and Les Femmes Michif Otipemisiwak received funding to continue engagement amongst Métis communities to assess shelter and programming needs tailored to their respective communities.
  • Example: In 2024-25, at the regional and grassroots level, organizations like Infinity Women's Secretariat, Dze L K'ant Friendship Centre, and Three Eagle Wellness Society were supported to deliver community-rooted interventions.
  • Example: In 2024-25, funding was extended to groups such as 2 Spirited People of Manitoba and Circling Buffalo, whose work strengthens safety and healing for 2SLGBTQI+ communities and rural Indigenous populations.

The initiative is funded as part of the $724.1 million Comprehensive Violence Prevention Strategy. ISC received $304.1 million over five years starting in 2021-22, with $96.7 million ongoing to support the operation of new shelters and transitional homes, as well as to fund culturally appropriate violence prevention activities. The Family Violence Prevention Program spent its full allocation of $96.7 million in 2024-25. This includes $9.6 million to support facility operations, $21.5 million to support shelter project development, and $65.6 million to programs and services for Indigenous people facing gender-based violence.

Collectively, the Harvesters Support Grant and Community Food Programs Fund contribute to strengthening Indigenous governance and organizational capacity, reducing reliance on store-bought food, and enhancing food security within local communities. Together, they play a critical role in revitalizing traditional food practices, supporting self-determined approaches to food sovereignty, and reinforcing Indigenous cultural continuity.

The Harvesters Support Grant and Community Food Programs Fund funds a wide range of hunting and harvesting initiatives, and has supported over 15,000 traditional harvesters, with more than 700 new food-sharing initiatives and 400 community hunts and harvests taking place in over 112 remote communities, in partnership with 24 Indigenous governments and organizations. New partnerships are resulting in innovative supply networks, increased access to country food and the creation of low-cost food options which complement and inspire the restoration of traditional practices. A comprehensive list of funding recipients is also publicly available.

The specific impacts and project details for each initiative remain with the funding recipients. Detailed examples are not provided in this report due to the autonomous and community-led nature of project implementation. This approach aligns with the principle of self-determination, ensuring that Indigenous governance structures have full authority over decision-making processes.

The Harvesters Support Grant and Community Food Programs Fund respond to part of Call for Justice 4.7 by investing in Indigenous-led services that support Indigenous communities, including women, girls and 2SLGBTQI+ people, who are facing food insecurity. These programs strengthen community food security in Indigenous communities by increasing access to local, traditional, and market foods, and support communities' control over their food systems. Indigenous families, survivors and communities benefit from improved food security, reduced reliance on store-bought foods, and strengthened traditional food practices.

• Community-driven solutions: Enables Indigenous communities to design and implement food security solutions that align with their needs and cultural traditions. These initiatives can support the capacity of Indigenous-led shelters, transition homes, and second-stage housing to provide adequate, healthy food to vulnerable people in crisis.
• Supporting traditional practices: Encourages the revitalization of Indigenous harvesting and food sharing customs. Programs that restore traditional food practices, such as community harvesting, land-based food systems, and food sovereignty initiatives, align with Call for Justice 4.7's emphasis on Indigenous-led solutions. Shelters and safe spaces that incorporate land-based food programming can support healing, cultural connection, and self-sufficiency, particularly for those recovering from violence or displacement.
• Holistic support: Funding supports a range of activities, including hunting, transportation, storage, and local food production.

Budget 2024 allocated $96.7 million to the Harvesters Support Grant and Community Food Programs Fund (HSG/CFPF) for the 2024–2027 funding cycle. In addition, there is an ongoing annual budget of $8 million, totaling $24 million through 2027. Together, this brings the total investment in the HSG/CFPF programs over the three-year period to $120.7 million ($118.4 million has already been allocated, with the remainder in progress).

The NNC program only accessed Budget 2021 funding starting in 2022, which required compressing two years of funding into $72.5 million for 2022–23 and $40.2 million for 2023–24 (including the ongoing $8 million per year).

Overall, from 2019 to 2027, a total of $255.1 million has been invested in HSG/CFPF programs. This includes $64 million in ongoing funding (based on $8 million per year from 2019 to 2027), along with an additional $191.1 million investments over the eight-year period.

The ICIF – First Nations on Reserves Component responds to part of Call for Justice 4.7 by investing in partners who may invest in supporting shelters, transitional housing, and second-stage housing. However, while these investments may benefit First Nations women, girls, and 2SLGBTQI+ people, to respond to the Call for Justice the program requires an explicit mandate to ensure their access to new or existing housing units. Indigenous families, survivors and communities benefit from this program as it provides resources to their communities that are delivered to develop and enhance safe housing options that address immediate and long-term infrastructure needs.

• Potential for increased shelter services: Communities can invest in transitional and second-stage housing.
• First Nations-led housing solutions: Self-determined allocation of funding empowers communities to address urgent needs.
  • Example: Funding was allocated to the Chiefs of Ontario who conducted regional engagements to develop service delivery models that can be implemented by groups of Ontario First Nations to transfer the care, control, and management of housing and related infrastructure.
• Infrastructure investment for community well-being: Support for culturally appropriate housing and shelter initiatives.
  • Example: Funding was allocated to the Assembly of Manitoba Chiefs who is conducting initial engagements, scoping, and modelling the development phase for a housing and community infrastructure model.

The ICIF – First Nations On Reserves Component is a $2.83 billion fund over four years, starting in 2021-22, with investments delivered through ISC's existing infrastructure programs. Funding is allocated to shovel-ready projects to ensure communities can respond to immediate infrastructure demands.

The ICIF – Métis Component responds to Call for Justice 4.7 by providing Métis communities with the funding to develop Métis-led shelters, safe spaces, and transitional housing services that respond to and support their communities priorities. This initiative provides supports to Métis women, youth, and elders to have access to safe and appropriate living spaces that reflect their cultural and are accessible to them wherever they reside.

Métis families, survivors, and communities benefit from this program by gaining access to stable, culturally relevant low-barrier shelters, safe spaces, and transitional housing services that enhances safety and security.

• Community-driven solutions: Métis governments have decision-making power over the construction of low-barrier shelters, safe spaces, and transitional housing services priorities, and decide where resources are needed most.
• Housing for vulnerable populations: Funds projects that increase the availability of safe housing solutions for Métis women, elders, and youth, including culturally appropriate housing solutions tailored to the needs of those fleeing violence or facing housing insecurity in Métis communities.

The ICIF – Métis Component provides flexible distinctions-based funding to Métis governments and the Metis Settlements General Council to allocate resources in response to community-identified priorities. As a result, the specific impacts and project details remain with the funding recipients, who determine how best to meet the infrastructure needs in their communities.

Funding has been allocated to support critical infrastructure projects and respond to the housing needs of the communities, with investments made in housing repairs and renovations, and improvements to community gathering spaces. Detailed examples are not provided in this report due to the autonomous and community-led nature of project implementation. This approach aligns with the principle of self-determination, providing Métis governance structures with authority over decision-making processes.

Budget 2021 allocated $200 million to five Métis governments and $40 million to the Metis Settlements General Council, prioritizing housing initiatives. Funding is administered with flexibility, to support Métis governments to tailor investments to their communities' specific housing needs.

The ICIF – Inuit Component responds to part of Call for Justice 4.7 by funding Inuit-led projects including the construction and enhancement of shelters, safe spaces, and community support infrastructure in Inuit communities. Funding may be invested to develop facilities that support vulnerable populations, including:

• Low-barrier shelters that provide immediate and culturally appropriate support for individuals experiencing homelessness or fleeing violence;
• Transition homes and second-stage housing that offer safe, stable accommodations for Inuit women, girls, and 2SLGBTQI+; and,
• Community centres and gathering spaces that serve as resource hubs for Indigenous-led support services.

Inuit families, survivors and communities benefit from this program by having increased access to infrastructure that improves quality of life and enhances social and economic stability.

• Strengthened infrastructure for community support services: Extends funding to community centers and emergency shelters, providing critical support services for individuals facing housing insecurity or fleeing violence. Increases the availability of safe spaces for Inuit women and 2SLGBTQI+ individuals.
• Enhanced community stability and wellbeing: Supports improved quality of life by providing access to safe, stable living conditions, particularly for Inuit women, children, and 2SLGBTQI+ individuals who may be at heightened risk of violence and exploitation.
• Inuit-led and regional self-determined housing solutions: Provides distinctions-based funding to Inuit Treaty Organizations, allowing Inuit governance structures to self-determine community-specific priorities for housing and infrastructure. Ensures housing aligns with Inuit cultural, environmental, and geographic needs, including considerations for northern climates and community structures. Addresses regional infrastructure needs that are developed and managed by and for Inuit communities.

The ICIF – Inuit Component provides distinctions-based funding that allows Inuit Treaty Organizations and other Indigenous-led entities to allocate resources in response to community-identified priorities. As a result, the specific impacts and project details remain with the funding recipients, who determine how best to meet the infrastructure needs of their communities.

Funding has been allocated to support critical infrastructure projects, including shelters and homes for vulnerable populations, heritage centres, and community centres. Detailed examples are not provided in this report due to the autonomous and community-led nature of project implementation. This approach aligns with the principle of self-determination, ensuring that Inuit governance structures have full authority over decision-making processes.

Budget 2021 allocated $517.8 million for this initiative, enabling Inuit-led infrastructure development to address critical needs in Inuit communities. Funding is allocated regionally and split among Inuit Treaty Organizations based on a pre-determined funding formula approved by the Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami Board of Directors.

The ICIF - Self-Governing and Modern Treaty First Nations Component responds to part of Call for Justice 4.7 by providing funding that can be directed towards shelters, transitional housing, and second-stage housing services that respond to and support their community priorities. This initiative ensures that First Nations women, youth, and elders have access to safe and appropriate living spaces that reflect their cultural and are accessible to them wherever they reside. Depending on how Self-Governing and Modern Treaty First Nations leadership allocates their funding, communities may benefit from investments in safe spaces for individuals facing homelessness, gender-based violence, or transitional challenges. However, while these investments may benefit First Nations women, girls, and 2SLGBTQI+ people, the program requires a specific mandate ensuring their access to new or existing housing units in order to respond to the Call for Justice. Families, survivors, and Self-Governing and Modern Treaty First Nations communities benefit from this program by gaining access to stable, culturally relevant housing that enhances safety and security.

• Community-driven solutions: Ensures Self-Governing and Modern Treaty First Nations have decision-making power over housing priorities and decide where resources are needed most.
• Development of safe spaces: Funds the construction of low-barrier shelters and transitional housing.
• Housing for vulnerable populations: Funds projects that increase the availability of safe housing for First Nations women, elders, and youth, including culturally appropriate housing solutions tailored to the needs of those fleeing violence or facing housing insecurity in Self-Governing and Modern Treaty First Nations and communities.

The ICIF - Self-Governing and Modern Treaty First Nations Component provides distinctions-based funding that allows to Self-Governing and Modern Treaty partners to allocate resources in response to community-identified priorities. As a result, the specific impacts and project details remain with the funding recipients, who determine how best to meet the infrastructure needs of their communities.

Funding recipients have undertaken community planning as well as community-based initiatives designed to serve the needs of the community members, including major home repair assistance programs and fuel subsidies for vulnerable seniors. The federal government defers to Self-Governing and Modern Treaty First Nations and communities to report on their own individual outcomes, an approach that aligns with the principle of self-determination, ensuring that Self-Governing and Modern Treaty First Nations retain full authority over decision-making processes.

Budget 2021 allocated $107.3 million in the 2024-25 fiscal year to the ICIF - Self-Governing and Modern Treaty First Nations component. Funding is provided to Self-Governing and Modern Treaty partners and fiscal arrangements support self-determination in infrastructure development. Partners independently determine how resources will be used to meet their housing and social infrastructure needs.

The ICIF – Urban Component responds to Call for Justice 4.7 by investing in infrastructure projects that support essential health and safety requirements, accessibility, and energy efficiency. The program enables Indigenous-led service providers to offer safe, culturally based spaces that meet the needs of Indigenous women, girls, and 2SLGBTQI+ people. By funding the development of safe spaces such as shelters, transitional housing, and community service hubs, this initiative directly supports those affected by violence, homelessness, and social marginalization.

Families, survivors, and urban Indigenous communities and groups benefit from this initiative through the establishment of secure, accessible spaces that foster healing, support, and community well-being.

• Creation of safe spaces: Infrastructure funding supports the construction and renovation of culturally safe environments for Indigenous-led service providers.
  • Example: In 2024-25, funding was allocated to the Niwasa Kendaaaswin Teg to build a safe, inclusive gathering space that provides supportive culturally-responsive services for Indigenous children, youth, adults, seniors, and Elders.
• Long-term sustainability: Energy-efficient and accessible buildings ensure the long-term viability of Indigenous service organizations.
  • Example: In 2024-25, funding was allocated to the National Association of Friendship Centres to renovate and repair the head office. This investment will enhance energy efficiency, improve building safety and security, and ensure a more sustainable and functional space for delivering programs and services to Indigenous communities.
• Increased support capacity: Funding enables service providers to expand programming and respond to the growing needs of Indigenous communities.
  • Example: In 2024-25, funding was allocated to the Akausivik Inuit Family Health Team to increase the physical capacity and accessibility of the existing building. This investment responds to the growing demand for its services and programs, ensuring enhanced access to culturally appropriate healthcare and support for Inuit individuals and families.

Budget 2021 committed $194.9 million over three years (2022-25) to Indigenous service delivery organizations. The initiative supports both new and existing infrastructure projects, with annual and interim reporting to track progress and impact.

The ISTHI responds to part of Call for Justice 4.7 by establishing and funding Indigenous-led emergency shelters and transitional housing, reducing homelessness and ensuring culturally relevant support. This initiative enhances safety for Indigenous women, children, and 2SLGBTQI+ individuals across Canada, particularly in northern and urban areas. Indigenous families, survivors and communities benefit by gaining access to essential housing and support services tailored to their needs.

• Culturally safe housing access: Increased access to safe, culturally appropriate housing.
  • Example: In 2024-25, $3.48 million was allocated to Prince Albert Community Housing Society Inc.'s Miakoda Transitional Housing Project to build 8-unit transitional housing will provide transitional homes for Métis women and 2SLGBTQI+ people and their children who are fleeing interpersonal violence.
• Stability for survivors: Enhanced stability for Indigenous individuals fleeing violence.
• Sustainable housing solutions: Support for long-term housing solutions and wraparound services.

Since 2021, $336.78 million has been committed towards the construction of new shelters, with construction funding managed by CMHC and flowed to Indigenous partners.

As of December 31, 2024, in fiscal year 2024-2025, CMHC funded 32 new projects through ISTHI and provided $161,706,675 in funding.

The Distinctions-based Housing Initiative's Inuit Housing Investment responds to part of Call for Justice 4.7 by supporting Inuit Treaty Organizations in establishing sustainable, Inuit-led housing solutions that include safe housing options for Inuit women, girls, and 2SLGBTQI+ individuals experiencing or fleeing violence. By enabling communities to prioritize their housing projects based on specific local needs, the initiative partially addresses the requirements of long-term sustainable funding and culturally appropriate shelters, safe spaces, and transition homes. Inuit families, survivors, and communities benefit through enhanced housing stability, reduced risk of violence, and strengthened local capacity to support vulnerable community members effectively.

• Increased housing availability: Construction of 60 Inuit housing units by March 31, 2025, addressing immediate gaps in housing provision.
• Enhanced community safety: Renovations and improvements to housing infrastructure contributing to safer living conditions, particularly benefitting those vulnerable to violence. Renovation of 40 units by March 31, 2025.
• Economic and social stability: Housing stability supports improved community health outcomes, economic security, and reduced vulnerability among Inuit populations.
• Culturally appropriate solutions: Housing projects and decisions informed by Inuit governance and cultural practices, enhancing relevance and effectiveness.
• Self-determined housing priorities: Empowering Inuit Treaty Organizations to govern and deliver housing programs aligned with Inuit-specific priorities, bolstering Inuit governance and decision-making, and respond effectively to emergent and existing crises.

Funding has been allocated to support critical infrastructure projects and respond to the housing needs of the communities, by investing in the construction and purchase of new housing units, renovation of existing housing units, and subsidized rent. Detailed examples are not provided in this report due to the autonomous and community-led nature of project implementation. This approach aligns with the principle of self-determination, ensuring that Inuit governance structures have full authority over decision-making processes.

Budget 2023 allocated $845 million specifically for Inuit Treaty Organizations, guided by the Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami Board of Directors' regional distribution decisions. This targeted approach ensures that funding is responsive to the unique housing needs and priorities established by Inuit communities, facilitating measurable improvements in housing conditions across Inuit Nunangat. The funding supports both new housing construction and critical repairs, impacting thousands of Inuit community members across the region.

The LFIF responds to part of Call for Justice 4.7 by investing in food infrastructure projects that are Indigenous-led and have a low-barrier to access, and that support Indigenous women, girls, and 2SLGBTQI+ people who facing poverty and dealing with food insecurity. These investments result in improved sustainable access to nutritious food, enhancing community safety, dignity, and resilience for Indigenous women, girls, and 2SLGBTQI+ people.

• Enhances community resilience: Improves resilience of people from communities who face poverty and food insecurity. Funds Indigenous-led community-based food infrastructure projects that result in improved access to local nutritious food.
  • Example: In 2024-25, $50,062 was allocated to Seabird Island Band, located in the interior of British Columbia, for the purchase of tunnel greenhouses, irrigation equipment, a two-wheel tractor, gardening tools and supplies, and food preservation equipment.
• Enhancing community food security: Directly increases the availability of nutritious food in Indigenous communities, reducing reliance on external food sources. Funds greenhouses, community gardens, food storage facilities, and other infrastructure and equipment.
  • Example: In 2024-25, $74,909 was allocated to Under One Sky-Monoqonuwicik-Neoteetjg Mosigisg Inc., in Fredericton, New Brunswick, for the purchase of a grow dome, garden supplies, hydroponic grow towers, food processing equipment and cold storage.
• Building economic resilience: Invests in local food economies, critical factors in strengthening the economic security of Indigenous women, girls, and 2SLGBTQI+ people. Supports large-scale projects that yield opportunities for employment, training, and skills development in local food production and distribution.
  • Example: In 2023-24, $81,749 was allocated to Okanese First Nation for the purchase of cold storage and small kitchen appliances to allow Okanese First Nation to process, store and distribute bison, wild game, fish and produce more efficiently to its citizens.

To date, of the total funding envelope of $112.7 million, the LFIF has committed $71 million to nearly 1,200 projects, with over a third of funded recipients who self-identified as Indigenous.

The Distinctions-based Housing Initiative's Métis Housing Investment responds to Call for Justice 4.7 by directly addressing the housing crisis experienced by Métis communities. Through increased investment in safe, secure, and sustainable housing solutions, the initiative impacts Métis individuals and communities' capacity to have access to safe, secure, healthy and dignified living conditions. Métis families, survivors, and communities benefit from improved and stable housing availability and quality, which in turn enhances well-being and reduces the risk of homelessness.

• Safe and adequate housing: Increased access to safe and affordable housing for Métis communities. Construction and renovation of 1,865 new units, directly addressing urgent housing needs in Métis communities.
• Improved living conditions: Improved energy efficiency and longevity of existing housing.  Renovations completed on 6,524 dwellings, leading to healthier, safer living environments.
• Economic empowerment: Support for economic and social stability through improved housing access. Providing down payment assistance for homeownership to 2,118 families, enhancing economic security and independence. Rent subsidies provided to 10,933 families, reducing housing insecurity and financial stress.
• Indigenous-led housing projects: Construction of new housing that aligns with Métis-led design and priorities resulting in culturally appropriate housing solutions aligned with local needs. Strengthened self-determination through Métis governance of housing programs.

Funding has been allocated to support critical infrastructure projects and respond to the housing needs of the communities, by investing in the construction and purchase of new housing units, renovation of existing housing units, and subsidized rent. Detailed examples are not provided in this report due to the autonomous and community-led nature of project implementation. This approach aligns with the principle of self-determination, providing Métis governance structures with authority over decision-making processes.

Through ongoing investments, Métis organizations have received targeted and distinctions-based housing investments. Budget 2022 expanded funding to additional Métis partners (i.e., Metis Settlements in Alberta and Métis in the Northwest Territories), and Budget 2023 included the Urban, Rural, and Northern Indigenous Housing Strategy. As of March 2024, these funding investments have directly impacted thousands of Métis individuals and families through improved housing and economic support measures.

This initiative responds to Call for Justice 4.7 by ensuring that Indigenous women, girls, and 2SLGBTQI+ individuals have access to safe, supportive housing options. By funding new shelter spaces and transitional housing units, the NHS strengthens efforts to protect Indigenous women, girls and 2SLGBTQI+ people from violence while also working to connect them with long-term housing solutions. Indigenous families, survivors and communities benefit from increased access to emergency housing and culturally appropriate support services.

• Community-led, self-governed housing solutions: First Nations, Inuit, and Métis self-determined policies, including Indigenous-led housing initiatives and Métis governance of shelters and transitional housing.
• Expanded safe housing access: Funding for new construction of homes, multi-unit dwellings, and community-led housing projects, and for upgrades and repairs to ensure existing housing stock meets safety, sustainability, and accessibility standards.
• Expansion of emergency and transitional shelters: Committed $336.78 million through the Indigenous Shelter and Transitional Housing Initiative toward the construction of 37 new shelters and 34 new transitional homes for Indigenous women, families, and 2SLGBTQI+ individuals.
• Prioritizing vulnerable populations: Safe, stable housing for women, children, seniors, and those at risk of homelessness, domestic violence, and human trafficking.
• Long-term housing and economic security: Investments in transitional and second-stage housing, rental assistance, and affordable housing for low-income Indigenous families.
• Preventing family separation and child welfare interventions: Housing programs that provide stability for Indigenous families, reducing the risk of child apprehension due to poverty, overcrowding, or unsafe living conditions.
• 2SLGBTQI+ inclusive housing solutions: Culturally informed shelters, affordable housing, and advocacy for 2SLGBTQI+individuals facing housing insecurity.

This initiative responds to part of Call for Justice 4.7 by providing long-term funding to Indigenous partners for culturally appropriate services that seek to prevent and reduce Indigenous homelessness. Funding can support a range of services and supports, including emergency shelters, transitional housing and permanent supportive housing services, prevention services for individuals and families at risk of homelessness, and shelter diversion services. Funding can also be used for client support services that address the immediate needs of people experiencing or at risk of homelessness, including as a result of poverty and/or fleeing violence, such as the provision of groceries, personal hygiene supplies and clothing as well as traditional food and medicine, cultural ceremonies, and transportation to home communities.

• Community-driven, culturally relevant approach: Funding decisions are made locally, prioritizing Indigenous-led initiatives that incorporate traditional knowledge, healing practices, and language supports.
• Holistic housing solutions: Investments in emergency shelters, transitional housing, and long-term housing security for vulnerable populations, including Indigenous women, girls, 2SLGBTQI+ individuals, and families fleeing violence.
• Economic and social empowerment: Programs connect individuals to income supports, employment services, and education, reducing poverty-related risks and supporting self-sufficiency.
• Family and child welfare support: Indigenous-led programs strengthen family unity, prevent child welfare interventions, and provide culturally appropriate services to keep families together.
• Targeted investments for vulnerable populations: Reaching Home funded communities are encouraged to prioritize vulnerable populations including Indigenous women, girls, 2SLGBTQI+ people, and families fleeing violence.
• Inclusive and culturally responsive services: Reaching Home can be used to fund wraparound supports, including culturally appropriate services and connection with community (e.g. cultural ceremonies, traditional healing, services provided by Elders and Indigenous language and culture classes).
• Infrastructure and capacity development: Sustainable investments in housing, support services, and safe spaces.

In 2024-2025, $110 million was allocated to the Indigenous Homelessness stream and $62.1 million to the Distinctions-based Approaches stream. This includes dedicated funding for Indigenous-led homelessness programming that can support a range of services, support and resources for wraparound services, emergency housing, prevention services, and long-term housing solutions.

This initiative responds to part of Call for Justice 4.7 by allowing Self-Governing and Modern Treaty First Nations to create housing solutions such as shelters, safe spaces, transitional and second-stage housing, and support services specifically targeted at First Nations women, girls, and 2SLGBTQI+ people. By emphasizing community autonomy, the initiative directly reduces vulnerabilities associated with homelessness, poverty, and violence. Families, survivors, and Self-Governing and Modern Treaty First Nations communities experience increased security, dignity, and cultural safety through these targeted housing supports.

• Safe and accessible housing: Increased availability of safe, affordable, culturally appropriate, and geographically suitable housing directly addresses immediate safety needs and reduces vulnerability to violence.
• Enhanced living conditions: Significant investment in renovations and repairs of existing housing improves physical safety, energy efficiency, and the overall health of community members.
• Reduction in homelessness: First Nations may dedicate resources for shelters, transition homes, and housing solutions aimed at reducing homelessness and supporting vulnerable populations, including targeted spaces for 2SLGBTQI+ individuals.
• Enhanced cultural safety: First Nations may develop and deliver housing, shelters, and support services that respect and integrate First Nations cultural identities, practices, and values, providing culturally safe environments.
• Self-determination and community empowerment: Strengthened autonomy through First Nations-led decision-making processes in housing and services, enabling communities to set their own priorities according to local needs and aspirations.

Funding has been allocated to support critical infrastructure projects and respond to the housing needs of the communities, by investing in the construction and purchase of new housing units, renovation of existing housing units, and subsidized rent. Detailed examples are not provided in this report due to the autonomous and community-led nature of project implementation. This approach aligns with the principle of self-determination, ensuring that Self-Governing and Modern Treaty First Nations retain full authority over decision-making processes.

Through targeted fiscal transfers, Self-Governing and Modern Treaty First Nations receive dedicated funding without direct oversight, aligning with their self-determined priorities. In 2024-25, a total amount of $129,167,319 has been transferred, and funding for the fiscal year has been fully delivered. Comprehensive final reporting expected from partners in the fiscal year 2027-28.

This initiative responds to Call for Justice 4.7 by providing essential funding that can be used to establish and sustain distinctions-based, Indigenous-led, low-barrier shelters, safe spaces, and second-stage housing. These resources serve Indigenous people, including women, girls, and 2SLGBTQI+ individuals who are homeless, at risk of homelessness, or fleeing violence. The initiative ensures that housing services are culturally appropriate and meet the specific needs of Indigenous communities. Indigenous families, survivors and communities benefit from this program as it creates safe environments for those escaping violence and experiencing housing insecurity.

• Improved housing security and access to safe housing: Direct funding enables Indigenous-led construction, repairs, and culturally appropriate shelters, transitional housing, and permanent homes.
• Indigenous-led, self-determined housing solutions: Indigenous governments and organizations control funding allocation, ensuring housing solutions reflect cultural, geographic, and community needs.
• Culturally relevant and holistic housing services: Supports the development of housing that integrates Indigenous traditions, languages, and ways of life while coordinating with mental health and social services.
• Support for vulnerable populations: Assists Indigenous individuals facing homelessness, food insecurity, and violence by expanding shelter and housing options.
• Indigenous governance and leadership in housing: Governance by, and direct funding to First Nations, Inuit and Métis, who determine respective U.R.N. housing plans, priorities and funding delivery. The National Indigenous Housing Centre will be Indigenous-led, ensuring self-determined policies and delivery of housing across the country to narrow the gap in housing need and opportunities for collaboration and partnerships.
• Sustainable and comprehensive housing solutions: Investments contribute to long-term, stable housing with enhanced coordination and Indigenous oversight.

Budget 2023 allocated $4 billion over seven years, starting in 2024-25, for implementation of the U.R.N. Indigenous Housing Strategy and the establishment of a National Indigenous Housing Centre. A request for proposal (RFP) process was launched in 2024 to establish the Centre. Funding under this strategy supports the development and sustainability of Indigenous-led housing services, including shelters and transition homes, supportive and affordable housing for those in greatest need.

The Remote Passenger Rail Program responds to Call for Justice 4.8 by ensuring safe, reliable and affordable transportation for Indigenous women, girls, and 2SLGBTQI+ people living in rural and remote communities. The program supports Indigenous-owned rail lines and enhances transportation infrastructure in isolated areas, reducing barriers to essential services, economic opportunities, and cultural connectivity. Indigenous families, survivors and communities benefit from this initiative by having consistent and secure travel options that mitigate safety risks associated with unreliable or non-existent transit services.

• Safe and reliable transportation: Provides essential rail services for Indigenous communities. Reduces reliance on unsafe transportation methods, and ensures Indigenous communities are not isolated due to the absence of private transit options.
  • Example: In 2024-25, $7.6 million was allocated to Keewatin Railway Company, in northern Manitoba, to support continued service from The Pas to Pukatawagan, including the purchase of new rolling stock, replacement of track maintenance equipment, and construction of a maintenance facility to improve safety and asset capacity.
• Access to essential services for northern and remote communities: Provides a critical link to essential services such as healthcare, education, and economic opportunities, and improves mobility for Indigenous people in isolated regions.
  • Example: In 2024-25, $6.9 million was allocated to Tshiuetin S.E.C. for capital investments in the rail line between Emeril Junction (NL) and Schefferville (QC) and for infrastructure and rolling stock maintenance to sustain passenger service between Sept-Îles and Schefferville.
• Reducing risks of exploitation and trafficking: Contributes to lowering risks associated with lack of safe transit in high-vulnerability areas of human trafficking and exploitation.
  • Example: In 2024-25, investments in the service from The Pas to Pukatawagan, in northern Manitoba, and from Emeril Junction (NL) to Schefferville (QC), provide access to reliable and maintained transportation, and mean that vulnerable populations are not forced to rely on the unsafe, informal or exploitative means of travel known to be risk factors for trafficking and violence (e.g. hitchhiking, walking long distances and/or accepting rides from strangers).

The 2024 Budget allocated $61.9 million over three years to Tshiuetin S.E.C. and Keewatin Railway Company, starting in 2024. Additionally, the 2024-25 Fall Economic Statement announced $43.7 million to support the Hudson Bay Railway (HBR) through a contribution agreement, which has been signed, aiming to support operations and minor capital projects to enhance the long-term stability of the HBR. In March 2025, the Government of Canada announced additional funding for this project, bringing the total support to $125 million.