Archived - Financial Statements for the Year Ended March 31, 2016 (Unaudited)

1.  Authority and objectives

The Department, under its legal name the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development, was established by the Government Organization Act, 1966 and continued by the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development Act (R.S., 1985, c. I-6). It is named in Schedule I of the Financial Administration Act. However, the Department is more commonly known by its applied title under the Federal Identity Program as Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada (INAC).

INAC is the federal government department primarily responsible for meeting the Government of Canada's obligations and commitments to First Nations, Inuit and Métis, and for fulfilling the federal government's constitutional responsibilities in the North. The mandate of INAC is derived largely from the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development Act, the Indian Act and its amendments, as well as numerous other statutes, negotiated agreements and relevant legal decisions.

To deliver on its mandate, INAC has structured its operations along four strategic outcomes and one program as follows:

1. People - Activities within this strategic outcome are dedicated to achieving a Canada where there is strengthened individual, family and community well-being for First Nations and Inuit. These programs are designed to:
   • Enable First Nations and Inuit students to achieve levels of education comparable to other Canadians;
   • Engage First Nation men, women and children to advance their participation in the labour market and take advantage of available opportunities;
   • Fulfill legislative, administrative and treaty obligation for which INAC is responsible; and
   • Support a fair resolution to the legacy of Indian Residential Schools.
2. Land and Economy – This strategic outcome supports the full participation of First Nations, Métis, Non-Status Indians and Inuit individuals and communities in the economy. These programs promote:
   • Viable Aboriginal businesses and opportunity-ready First Nation and Inuit communities;
   • Timely administration of reserve lands and prudent remediation of contaminated sites;
   • Infrastructure which protects the health and safety of First Nation communities; and
   • Urban Aboriginal People's participation in the economy.
3. Government - Activities performed under this strategic outcome enable and support good governance and co-operative relationships for First Nations, Inuit and Northerners. These programs are designed to:
   • Support transparent and accountable First Nation governments and institutions;
   • Build relationships between parties based on trust, respect, understanding, shared responsibilities, accountability, rights and dialogue; and
   • Create and maintain ongoing partnerships to support historical and modern treaty structures.
4. North - Through this strategic outcome, INAC promotes self-reliance, prosperity and well-being for the people and communities of the North. These programs are designed to:
   • Strengthen northern communities and people;
   • Support scientific research and technology in the North; and
   • Support the management, sustainable development and regulatory oversight of the Northern resources.
5. Internal Services - Under this program, activities are designed to support the effective delivery of INAC's programs and services and other corporate obligations of the organization. These services include:
   • Governance and management support;
   • Resource management services; and
   • Asset management services.

2.  Summary of significant accounting policies

These financial statements have been prepared using the Government's accounting policies stated below, which are based on Canadian public sector accounting standards. The presentation and results using the stated accounting policies do not result in any significant differences from Canadian public sector accounting standards.

Significant accounting policies are as follows:

1. Parliamentary authorities – INAC is financed by the Government of Canada through Parliamentary authorities. Financial reporting of authorities provided to INAC do not parallel financial reporting according to generally accepted accounting principles since authorities are primarily based on cash flow requirements. Consequently, items recognized in the Statement of Operations and Departmental Net Financial Position and in the Statement of Financial Position are not necessarily the same as those provided through authorities from Parliament. Note 3 provides a reconciliation between the bases of reporting.
   
   The planned results amounts in the "Expenses" and "Revenues" sections of the Statement of Operations and Departmental Net Financial Position are the amounts reported in the Future-Oriented Statement of Operations included in the 2015-2016 Report on Plans and Priorities. Planned results are not presented in the "Government funding and transfers" section of the Statement of Operations and Departmental Net Financial Position and in the Statement of Change in Departmental Net Debt because these amounts were not included in the 2015-2016 Report on Plans and Priorities.
2. Net cash provided by Government – INAC operates within the Consolidated Revenue Fund, which is administered by the Receiver General for Canada. All cash received by INAC is deposited to the Consolidated Revenue Fund and all cash disbursements made by INAC are paid from the Consolidated Revenue Fund. The net cash provided by Government is the difference between all cash receipts and all cash disbursements, including transactions between departments of the Government.
3. Amounts due from/to the Consolidated Revenue Fund – These amounts are the result of timing differences at year-end between when a transaction affects authorities and when it is processed through the Consolidated Revenue Fund. Amounts due from the Consolidated Revenue Fund represent the net amount of cash that INAC is entitled to draw from the Consolidated Revenue Fund without further authorities to discharge its liabilities.
4. Revenues – Revenues from regulatory fees are recognized in the accounts based on the services provided in the year. Other revenues are accounted for in the period in which the underlying transaction or event that gave rise to the revenue takes place. Revenues that are non-respendable are not available to discharge INAC's liabilities. The Deputy Minister is expected to maintain accounting control regarding non-respendable revenues but has no authority over their disposition. As a result, non-respendable revenues are considered to be earned on behalf of the Government of Canada and therefore presented in reduction of INAC's gross revenues.
5. Expenses – Expenses are recorded on the accrual basis:
   • Transfer payments are recorded as expenses when authorization for the payment exists and the recipient has met the eligibility criteria or the entitlements established for the transfer payment program. In situations where payments do not form part of an existing program, transfer payments are recorded as expenses when the Government announces a decision to make a non-recurring transfer, provided the enabling legislation or authorization for payment receives parliamentary approval prior to the completion of the financial statements.
   • Vacation pay and compensatory leave are accrued as the benefits are earned by employees under their respective terms of employment.
   • Services provided without charge by other government departments for accommodation, the employer's contribution to the health and dental insurance plans, legal services, and workers' compensation are recorded as operating expenses at their estimated cost.
6. Employee future benefits
   • Pension benefits: Eligible employees participate in the Public Service Pension Plan, a multiemployer pension plan administered by the Government. INAC's contributions to the plan are charged to expenses in the year incurred and represent the total departmental obligation to the plan. INAC's responsibility with regard to the plan is limited to its contributions. Actuarial surpluses or deficiencies are recognized in the financial statements of the Government of Canada, as the plan's sponsor.
   • Severance benefits: Employees entitled to severance benefits under labour contracts or conditions of employment earn these benefits as services necessary to earn them are rendered. The obligation relating to the benefits earned by employees is calculated using information derived from the results of the actuarially determined liability for employee severance benefits for the Government as a whole.
7. Accounts receivable – Accounts receivable are stated at the lower of cost and net recoverable value; a valuation allowance is recorded for accounts receivables where recovery is considered uncertain.
   
   The amount of the allowance is determined based on an assessment of each account. The collectability of each account is reviewed by regional accounting offices on a semi-annual basis using a standard set of criteria to assess default risk.
8. Loans receivable – Loans receivable are stated at the lower of cost and net recoverable value; a valuation allowance is recorded for loans receivable where recovery is considered uncertain.
   
   The amount of the allowance is determined based on an assessment of each loan. The collectability of each loan is reviewed by program managers on an annual basis using a standard set of criteria to assess default risk.
   
   Interest on loans receivable is calculated in accordance with the terms and conditions of each individual program. Interest is not accrued on loans approved for write-off or forgiveness.
9. Contingent liabilities – Contingent liabilities are potential liabilities that may become actual liabilities when one or more future events occur or fail to occur. To the extent that the future event is likely to occur or fail to occur, and a reasonable estimate of the loss can be made, an estimated liability is accrued and an expense recorded. If the likelihood is not determinable or an amount cannot be reasonably estimated, the contingency is disclosed in the notes to the financial statements.
10. Environmental liabilities – Environmental liabilities consist of estimated costs related to the remediation of contaminated sites.
    
    A liability for remediation of contaminated sites is recognized when all of the following criteria are satisfied: an environmental standard exists, contamination exceeds the environmental standard, the government is directly responsible or accepts responsibility, it is expected that future economic benefits will be given up and a reasonable estimate of the amount can be made. The liability reflects the Government's best estimate of the amount required to remediate the sites to the current minimum standard for its use prior to contamination. When the cash flows required to settle or otherwise extinguish a liability are expected to occur over extended future periods, a present value technique is used. The discount rate applied is taken from the government's Consolidated Revenue Fund monthly lending rates for periods of one year and over. The discount rates used are based on the term rate associated with the estimated number of years to complete remediation. For remediation costs with estimated future cash flows spanning more than 25 years, the 25-year Government of Canada lending rate is used as the discount rate.
11. Tangible capital assets – All tangible capital assets and leasehold improvements having an initial cost of $10,000 or more are recorded at their acquisition cost. INAC does not capitalize intangibles, works of art and historical treasures that have cultural, aesthetic or historical value, assets located on Indian Reserves or museum collections.
    
    Capital assets which are held for future contribution to First Nations are reported as land held for future claims settlements.
    
    Amortization of tangible capital assets is done on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the assets as follows:

    Asset Class	Amortization Period
    Buildings	20 or 40 years
    Works and infrastructure	30 years
    Machinery and equipment	5, 10 or 15 years
    Informatics hardware and software	3 or 5 years
    Ships and boats	10 years
    Motor vehicles	5 or 10 years
    Other vehicles	5 years
    Leasehold improvements	Lesser of the remaining term of lease or useful life of the improvement

12. Measurement uncertainty – The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses reported in the financial statements. At the time of preparation of these statements, management believes the estimates and assumptions to be reasonable. The most significant items where estimates are used are contingent liabilities, environmental liabilities, the liability for employee future benefits, the allowance for doubtful accounts and the useful life of tangible capital assets. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimated. Management's estimates are reviewed periodically and, as adjustments become necessary, they are recorded in the financial statements in the year they become known.

3.  Parliamentary authorities

INAC receives most of its funding through annual parliamentary authorities. Items recognized in the Statement of Operations and Departmental Net Financial Position and the Statement of Financial Position in one year may be funded through parliamentary authorities in prior, current or future years. Accordingly, INAC has different net results of operations for the year on a government funding basis than on an accrual accounting basis. The differences are reconciled in the following tables:

4.  Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

The following table presents details of INAC's accounts payable and accrued liabilities:

5.  Other liabilities

The following table presents details of other liabilities:

6.  Trust accounts

The following table shows INAC's financial obligations in its role as administrator of trust accounts for Indian moneys:

7.  Settled claims

The liability for settled claims represents INAC's financial obligation pursuant to agreements related to comprehensive land claims and specific claims.

Comprehensive land claims are negotiated in areas where Aboriginal title has not been dealt with by treaty or by other legal methods. In such cases, the claim is based on an Aboriginal group's traditional use and occupancy of that land. Comprehensive land claim settlements result in agreement on special rights Aboriginal peoples will have in the future with respect to lands and resources.

Specific claims address past grievances arising out of non-fulfilment of Indian treaties and other lawful obligations, the improper administration of lands and other assets under the Indian Act, or formal agreements that are being pursued through negotiations.

An act of Parliament, based on a negotiated agreement, establishes the authority for INAC to make claim payments. The interest rate attached to these claim payments is set out in the act, along with a claim payment schedule. Claim payments are generally made over a number of years.

At March 31, 2016, INAC had 9 outstanding settled claims (10 in 2015). Payments totalled $57,412,000 in 2016 ($87,409,000 in 2015).

The present value of the liability for outstanding settled claims, calculated using the appropriate Consolidated Revenue Fund Monthly Lending Rate as published by the Department of Finance, at March 31, 2016 is $228,117,000 ($281,854,000 in 2015).

Future scheduled claim payments are as follows:

8.  Contingent liabilities

Contingent liabilities arise in the normal course of operations and their ultimate disposition is unknown. They are classified into two categories: claims and litigation and loan guarantees.

14.  Land held for future claims settlements

Land held for future claims settlements is segregated from other tangible capital assets as these assets are not acquired with the intention of being used on a continuous basis in government operations. Rather, these assets are properties acquired and held by INAC for the purpose of future settlements of Aboriginal land claims. Following the ratification of a negotiated agreement, these assets are transferred to the Aboriginal group.

Changes in this account are summarized in the following table:

15.  Tangible capital assets

16.  Departmental net financial position

A portion of INAC's net financial position is restricted to be used for a specific purpose. Related revenues and expenses are included in the Statement of Operations and Departmental Net Financial Position.

The Environmental Studies Research Fund account was established pursuant to the Canada Petroleum Resources Act and related regulations to record levies stipulated under the Act. The balance of the account is to be used to finance environmental and social studies pertaining to the manner in which, and the terms and conditions under which, exploration, development and production activities on frontier lands authorized under this Act or any other Act of Parliament should be conducted.

The Bowater Environmental Remediation Fund account was established pursuant to a decision of the Commercial Division of the Superior Court in the Province of Quebec. The balance in the account is to be used to finance the remediation of environmental damage caused by Bowater Canadian Forest Products Inc. relative to a land lease issued by INAC.

The balance of the funds at the end of the year is included in Departmental Net Financial Position. Activity in the accounts is as follows:

17.  Contractual obligations

The nature of INAC's activities can result in some multi-year contracts and obligations whereby INAC will be obligated to make future payments in order to carry out its transfer payment programs or when the goods or services are received. Significant contractual obligations that can be reasonably estimated are summarized as follows:

18.  Related party transactions

INAC is related as a result of common ownership to all Government departments, agencies, and Crown corporations. INAC enters into transactions with these entities in the normal course of business and on normal trade terms. In addition, INAC has agreements with the Canadian Northern Economic Development Agency, Health Canada and the Public Health Agency of Canada related to the provision of finance and administrative services. During the year, INAC received common services which were obtained without charge from other government departments as disclosed below.

19.  Transfer of the transition payments for implementing salary payments in arrears

The Government of Canada implemented salary payments in arrears in 2014-15. As a result, a one-time payment was issued to employees and will be recovered from them in the future. The transition to salary payments in arrears forms part of the transformation initiative that replaces the pay system and also streamlines and modernizes the pay processes. This change to the pay system had no impact on the expenses of INAC. However, it did result in the use of additional spending authorities by the Department. Prior to year-end, the transition payments for implementing salary payments in arrears were transferred to a central account administered by Public Services and Procurement Canada, who is responsible for the administration of the Government pay system.

20.  Transfer to (from) other government departments

a) Transfer to Polar Knowledge Canada

Effective June 1, 2015, the Department transferred responsibility for the Arctic Science and Technology program to Polar Knowledge Canada in accordance with Order in Council P.C 2015-0581, including the stewardship responsibility for the assets and liabilities related to the program. Accordingly, INAC transferred the following assets and liabilities related to the Arctic Science and Technology program to Polar Knowledge Canada on June 1, 2015:

In addition, the 2015 comparative figures have been reclassified on the Statement of Operations and Departmental Net Financial Position to present the expenses of the transferred operations. Total expenses related to transferred operations were $186,909 for 2016 and $5,180,686 for 2015.

During the transition period, the Department continued to administer the transferred activities on behalf of Polar Knowledge Canada. The administered expenses amounted to $243,263 for the year. These expenses are not recorded in these financial statements.

Note that the management of the construction of the Canadian High Artic Research Station will remain within INAC until completion of the major Crown project, which is expected to be in 2017, at which time the transfer of the station to Polar Knowledge Canada will be reflected in INAC's financial statements. Until then, the asset under construction will continue to be included in INAC's financial statements.

b) Transfer from Truth and Reconciliation Commission

Effective June 30, 2015, pursuant to Order-in-Council P.C. 2015-1042, the mandate of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) was extended to December 31st, when it was amalgamated and combined with INAC under the Minister of INAC. TRC has wound down its operations as of December 31st and its residual assets and liabilities were transferred to INAC. Accordingly, the following assets and liabilities related to TRC have been included in INAC's financial statements at March 31, 2016:

Norman Wells project profits

This project is a source of revenues earned pursuant to an agreement between INAC and Imperial Oil. This agreement prescribes a profit-sharing formula and sets out a payment schedule, whereby payments are made annually to INAC no later than March 20 of each year.

Resource royalties

The most significant sources of resource royalty revenues are those earned pursuant to the Northwest Territories and Nunavut Mining Regulations and the Frontier Lands Petroleum Royalty Regulations.

The Northwest Territories and Nunavut Mining Regulations prescribe a profit-sharing formula upon which royalty revenues are based. INAC receives a percentage of the profits companies earn from the sale of minerals extracted from land leased by these companies pursuant to the Mining Regulations. The Northwest Territories and Nunavut Mining Regulations prescribe that royalties are generally payable four months after the fiscal year-end of the company.

The Frontier Lands Petroleum Royalty Regulations also prescribe a profit-sharing formula upon which royalty revenues are based. INAC receives a percentage of the profits companies earn from the sale of oil and gas extracted from the land, which the company has the right to use pursuant to a production licence issued under the authority of the Canada Petroleum Resources Act. The Frontier Lands Petroleum Royalty Regulations prescribe that royalties are generally payable on the last day of the month following the month of production.

Leases and rentals

The major source of lease and rental revenues is lease fees prescribed in the Northwest Territories and Nunavut Mining Regulations. After a waiting period of 10 years, companies may lease land in the North for purposes of exploration and extraction of minerals. Leases are for a period of 21 years and are renewable. Lease fees are set out in the Northwest Territories and Nunavut Mining Regulations and are payable annually on the anniversary date of the signing of the lease.

Contingent Liabilities - Claims and Litigation

Subsequent to year-end, INAC has settled claims amounting to $395 million for specific claims, comprehensive native land claims, litigation claims and Indian Residential School claims.

1.0  Introduction

This document provides summary information on the measures taken by Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada (INAC) to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting including information on internal control management and assessment results and related action plans.

Detailed information on INAC's authority, mandate and program activities can be found in the Archived: Departmental Performance Report and the Archived: Report on Plans and Priorities.

2.0  Departmental system of internal control over financial reporting

3.0  INAC's assessment results during fiscal year 2015-2016

The key findings and significant adjustments required from the current year's assessment activities are summarized below.

New or significantly amended key controls: In the current year, there were no significantly amended key controls in existing processes which required a reassessment.

Ongoing monitoring program: As part of its rotational ongoing monitoring plan, INAC completed assessments of Entity-level Controls, Information Technology General Controls, and the financial controls within the Purchases, Payables and Payments process and the Ministerial Loan Guarantees process. Control issues identified through the assessments included:

4.0  INAC's action plan